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CASE DESCRIPTION
A 65-year old, 155-cm (5 foot, 1 inch), African American female weighing 70 kg presented to the University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, for a single amalgam filling in the undergraduate dental clinic. The patient had a significant health history consisting of hypertension, angina, poorly controlled congestive heart failure, asthma, epilepsy, and end-stage renal disease for which she was hemodialyzed via a fistula in her left forearm 4 times per week. Other medical history included gastroesophageal reflux disease