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Figure 7; Amnesia. Amnesia was recognized with a 27-gauge needle prick test performed in 69% of subjects at 21 minutes after the start of dexmedetomidine (Dex) infusion.
Sachie Ogawa,
Hiroaki Seino,
Hiroshi Ito,
Shinya Yamazaki,
Steven Ganzberg, and
Hiroyoshi Kawaai
Figure 7
Figure 7

Amnesia. Amnesia was recognized with a 27-gauge needle prick test performed in 69% of subjects at 21 minutes after the start of dexmedetomidine (Dex) infusion.

Figure 7; Amnesia of 27-gauge needle prick test at 21 minutes after the start of dexmedetomidine (DEX) infusion was recognized in 69% of subjects in the 0.2 group and in 85% of them in the 0.4 group. In the comparison between both groups, no significant difference was recognized in amnesia of 27-gauge needle prick test.
Hiroyoshi Kawaai,
Jun Satoh,
Masahiro Watanabe,
Keiichi Kan,
Steven Ganzberg, and
Shinya Yamazaki
Figure 7
Figure 7

Amnesia of 27-gauge needle prick test at 21 minutes after the start of dexmedetomidine (DEX) infusion was recognized in 69% of subjects in the 0.2 group and in 85% of them in the 0.4 group. In the comparison between both groups, no significant difference was recognized in amnesia of 27-gauge needle prick test.

Intravenous Sedation with Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine: Its Potential for Use in Dentistry
Sachie OgawaDDS,
Hiroaki SeinoDDS,
Hiroshi ItoDDS,
Shinya YamazakiDDS, PhD,
Steven GanzbergDMD, MS, and
Hiroyoshi KawaaiDDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 55: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2008
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-55.3.82
Page Range: 82 – 88

response that exhibits properties similar to natural sleep, unlike other anesthetics. Patients who are given Dex experience a clinically effective sedation yet are still easily and uniquely arousable—an effect that has not been observed with any other clinically available sedative. 9 , 10 Sedation with Dex may be optimal for dental procedures because it possesses many of the properties of an ideal sedative agent, such as minimal influence on respiration and circulation, easy and rapid control of sedative and conscious levels, amnesia, and rapid recovery after sedation

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Zaleplon (Sonata) Oral Sedation for Outpatient Third Molar Extraction Surgery
Steven I. GanzbergDMD, MS,
Thomas DietrichDDS,
Manuel ValerinDDS, and
F. Michael BeckDDS, MA
Article Category: Other
Volume/Issue: Volume 52: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2005
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2005)52[128:ZOS]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 128 – 131

significant difference in quality of experience (33.2 ± 29.9 for triazolam vs 38.4 ± 32.5 for zaleplon; P < .94). For the second surgery, however, there was a trend toward a more comfortable experience with triazolam (27.6 ± 20.8 for triazolam vs 49.6 ± 22.1 for zaleplon; P < .0875) ( Table 2 ). Amnesia was also evaluated by questionnaire via questions of recall of various events during surgery and by use of memory cards. All participants, except 1 triazolam-sedated patient, remembered the local anesthetic injections. All participants, except 2 triazolam

Fig. 4; Degree of recall during sedation There was significant difference for 'Slight recall' and 'No recall', indicating 'Amnesia (+)', between the groups
Fig. 4
Fig. 4

Degree of recall during sedation

There was significant difference for 'Slight recall' and 'No recall', indicating 'Amnesia (+)', between the groups

Figure 1.; Comfort and amnesia during postoperative sedation. DEX: Dexmedetomidine alone. DEX + PCS: Dexmedetomidine and propofol PCS (Patient-Controlled Sedation). * p  =  0.045.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Comfort and amnesia during postoperative sedation.

DEX: Dexmedetomidine alone.

DEX + PCS: Dexmedetomidine and propofol PCS (Patient-Controlled Sedation).

* p  =  0.045.

A Comparison of Intravenous Sedation With Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine: 0.2 µg/kg/hr Versus 0.4 µg/kg/hr
Hiroyoshi KawaaiDDS, PhD,
Jun SatohDDS,
Masahiro WatanabeDDS,
Keiichi KanMD, PhD,
Steven GanzbergDMD, MS, and
Shinya YamazakiDDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 57: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2010
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-57.3.96
Page Range: 96 – 103

, recovery parameters, and amnesia due to 2 continuous infusion doses of DEX, 0.2 µg/kg/hr and 0.4 µg/kg/hr. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects The subjects consisted of 13 ASA I volunteers who ranged from 24 to 37 years of age. Informed consent was obtained for this study approved by the institutional review board. DEX Infusion An intravenous catheter (Insyte 20-gauge, Becton Dickinson) was inserted in a medial cubital vein, and an infusion of lactated Ringer solution was started at 2 mL

Figure 7 ; The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve produced by RSS. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.31. It is indicated by the gray zone, which shows that RSS was not a reliable predictor of amnesia.
Aiji Boku,
Mika Inoue,
Hiroshi Hanamoto,
Aiko Oyamaguchi,
Chiho Kudo,
Mitsutaka Sugimura, and
Hitoshi Niwa
<bold>Figure 7</bold>
Figure 7

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve produced by RSS. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.31. It is indicated by the gray zone, which shows that RSS was not a reliable predictor of amnesia.

Figure 1; Time course of the investigation. Subjects were sedated with dexmedetomidine (Dex) at a loading dose of 6 mcg/kg/h for 5 minutes and a continuous infusion dose of 0.2 mcg/kg/h for 25 minutes. The recovery process was observed for 60 minutes after cessation of the Dex infusion. (Control value was not measured in Ramsay score.)
Sachie Ogawa,
Hiroaki Seino,
Hiroshi Ito,
Shinya Yamazaki,
Steven Ganzberg, and
Hiroyoshi Kawaai
Figure 1
Figure 1

Time course of the investigation. Subjects were sedated with dexmedetomidine (Dex) at a loading dose of 6 mcg/kg/h for 5 minutes and a continuous infusion dose of 0.2 mcg/kg/h for 25 minutes. The recovery process was observed for 60 minutes after cessation of the Dex infusion. (Control value was not measured in Ramsay score.)

Figure 2; Changes in tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR), and minute volume (MV). TV decreased significantly from 5 minutes to 30 minutes after the start of dexmedetomidine (Dex) infusion. However, RR and MV did not show significant changes. TV decreased significantly from an average of 580 mL (control value) to approximately 430 to 470 mL (P < .05).
Sachie Ogawa,
Hiroaki Seino,
Hiroshi Ito,
Shinya Yamazaki,
Steven Ganzberg, and
Hiroyoshi Kawaai
Figure 2
Figure 2

Changes in tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR), and minute volume (MV). TV decreased significantly from 5 minutes to 30 minutes after the start of dexmedetomidine (Dex) infusion. However, RR and MV did not show significant changes. TV decreased significantly from an average of 580 mL (control value) to approximately 430 to 470 mL (P < .05).