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Perioperative Analgesia Using an Indwelling Catheter to Deliver an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block: A Case Report
Yuki Kojima DDS, PhD,
 Kazuma Asano DDS,
 Takeshi Murouchi MD, PhD, and
 Kazuya Hirabayashi MD, MBA
Article Category: Case Report
Volume/Issue: Volume 70: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Oct 18, 2023
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-70-02-11
Page Range: 128 – 133

General anesthesia is associated with a high risk of serious complications among elderly patients with severe respiratory and/or cardiovascular comorbidities, which can make planning for safe general anesthesia difficult. When surgical interventions do not necessitate general anesthesia, alternative anesthetic approaches with more optimal prognoses should be considered. In addition, high-risk patients often experience difficulty with adequate postoperative analgesia due to the avoidance of traditional analgesics that are more likely to cause

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Figure 2.; Response to use of nonsteroidal analgesics. *Ibuprofen and celecoxib, respectively, were considered analgesics separately. †There was no information available about the choice of patient by better response to NSAID or placebo used. Data represent the number of patients who did not make use of supplementary rescue analgesia.
Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa,
 Diego Felipe Silveira Esses,
 Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva,
 Francisco Samuel Rodrigues Carvalho,
 Carlos Diego Lopes Sá,
 Assis Filipe Medeiros Albuquerque,
 Tácio Pinheiro Bezerra,
 Thyciana Rodrigues Ribeiro,
 Cristiane Sá Roriz Fonteles, and
 Eduardo Costa Studart Soares
Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Response to use of nonsteroidal analgesics. *Ibuprofen and celecoxib, respectively, were considered analgesics separately. †There was no information available about the choice of patient by better response to NSAID or placebo used. Data represent the number of patients who did not make use of supplementary rescue analgesia.

Does the Preemptive Use of Oral Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Reduce Postoperative Pain in Surgical Removal of Third Molars? A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa DDS, PhD,
 Diego Felipe Silveira Esses DDS,
 Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva DDS, MSc,
 Francisco Samuel Rodrigues Carvalho DDS,
 Carlos Diego Lopes Sá DDS,
 Assis Filipe Medeiros Albuquerque DDS,
 Tácio Pinheiro Bezerra DDS, PhD,
 Thyciana Rodrigues Ribeiro DDS, PhD,
 Cristiane Sá Roriz Fonteles DDS, PhD, and
 Eduardo Costa Studart Soares DDS, PhD
Article Category: Other
Volume/Issue: Volume 62: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2015
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-62.2.57
Page Range: 57 – 63

At the beginning of the last century, Crile 1 was one of the first authors to introduce the concept of preemptive analgesia after observation in his studies that if the transmission of pain was blocked before the surgical incision, there was a reduction in postoperative morbidity. Preemptive analgesia is considered a therapy whose goal is to prevent peripheral and central sensitization, thus attenuating (or ideally preventing) the postoperative amplification of the pain sensation. 2 The analgesia must provide the patient with analgesia

Figure 1.; Mechanism of N2O-induced analgesia. N2O is thought to stimulate the neuronal release of endogenous opioid peptide or dynorphins (DYNs); the molecular aspects of how N2O initiates this process are as yet unknown. The pre-synaptic nerve terminal takes up L-arginine (L-Arg), which is converted by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to L-citrulline (L-Cit) and nitric oxide (NO). NO appears to be involved in the stimulated release of DYNs. DYNs traverse the synaptic cleft and activate postsynaptic opioid receptors, which belong to the 7-transmembrane–spanning, G protein–coupled superfamily of receptors.
Dimitris E. Emmanouil and
 Raymond M. Quock
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Mechanism of N2O-induced analgesia. N2O is thought to stimulate the neuronal release of endogenous opioid peptide or dynorphins (DYNs); the molecular aspects of how N2O initiates this process are as yet unknown. The pre-synaptic nerve terminal takes up L-arginine (L-Arg), which is converted by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to L-citrulline (L-Cit) and nitric oxide (NO). NO appears to be involved in the stimulated release of DYNs. DYNs traverse the synaptic cleft and activate postsynaptic opioid receptors, which belong to the 7-transmembrane–spanning, G protein–coupled superfamily of receptors.

Preemptive Analgesia and Local Anesthesia as a Supplement to General Anesthesia: A Review
Eliezer Kaufman DMD,
 Joel B. Epstein DMD, MSD, FRDC(C),
 Meir Gorsky DMD,
 Douglass L. Jackson DMD, MS, PhD, and
 Avishag Kadari MD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 52: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Mar 01, 2005
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2005)52[29:PAALAA]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 29 – 38

procedures to be performed without significant interference from the patient's perception of pain. General anesthesia (GA) served as the main approach to surgical pain control in western medicine for more than 150 years. Despite the introduction and wide use of amide local anesthetics beginning in 1943, GA continued to be the sole agent for performing many painful procedures. The first recommendation for concomitant administration of both regional anesthesia and GA was made by Crile, 1 who was in many ways the pioneer of the concept of preemptive analgesia (ie

Advances in Understanding the Actions of Nitrous Oxide
Dimitris E. Emmanouil DDS, MS, PhD and
 Raymond M. Quock PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 54: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2007
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2007)54[9:AIUTAO]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 9 – 18

considerably in the past 150 years, it remains today the most widely used of all general anesthetic agents and plays an all-important role in both dental and medical practice. The introduction of anesthesia through N 2 O is considered a great achievement in dentistry, comparable to the discovery of local anesthesia and the fluoridation of water. 1 2 Today the common medical uses of N 2 O include balanced anesthesia during surgery, wherein N 2 O is frequently combined with other general anesthetic drugs and nonanesthetic preoperative drugs, and analgesia for the

Figure 1.; Number of “anesthesia and analgesia” articles by decade.
Steven Ganzberg,
 Robert G Rashid, and
 Edward Davidian
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Number of “anesthesia and analgesia” articles by decade.

Analgesia in Dentistry Now and in the Future 1
Leonard M. Monheim M.S., D.D.S.
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 66: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2019
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-66.4.227
Page Range: 227 – 231

The use of so called analgesia by both inhalation and intravenous methods has been the subject of a tremendous amount of discussion within the past few years. Perhaps it would have been more correct to have said re-discussion, as the present interest in so called analgesia is a resurgence of what has occurred at intervals over the years. And yet, little seems to be gained from experiences of the past. It has been said that those who do not learn from mistakes of the past, are doomed to repeat them; and we seem to be repeating them. One of our

Optimal Timing of Intravenous Acetaminophen Administration for Postoperative Analgesia
Maho Shinoda DDS,
 Akiko Nishimura DDS, PhD,
 Erika Sugiyama PhD,
 Hitoshi Sato PhD, and
 Takehiko Iijima DDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 69: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jul 18, 2022
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-69-02-05
Page Range: 3 – 10

an analgesia effect on the central nervous system (CNS). APAP is now thought to stimulate serotonergic pathways involved in pain inhibition, 4 activate cannabinoid receptors indirectly, and have activity on NMDA and substance P receptors in the spinal cord. 5 , 6 The antipyretic effect of APAP reportedly occurs 2 hours after its peak plasma concentration has been reached. 7 The analgesic effect of APAP can also be delayed for 1 to 2 hours after administration even though peak plasma concentration is observed just after administration. 8 , 9 Thus, the

Figure 2.; Number of “anesthesia and analgesia” and “dentistry” articles by decade.
Steven Ganzberg,
 Robert G Rashid, and
 Edward Davidian
Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Number of “anesthesia and analgesia” and “dentistry” articles by decade.

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