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Figure 2; Peripheral smear from a patient with Heinz body hemolytic anemia. Heinz body preparation reveals the denatured hemoglobin precipitates. (© 2007 Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia Charles E. Hess, M.D., and Lindsey Krstic, B.A.)
Cpt Ali R. Elyassi and
Maj Henry H. Rowshan
Figure 2
Figure 2

Peripheral smear from a patient with Heinz body hemolytic anemia. Heinz body preparation reveals the denatured hemoglobin precipitates. (© 2007 Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia Charles E. Hess, M.D., and Lindsey Krstic, B.A.)

Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Fanconi Anemia
Saki NaganoDDS,
Masanori TsukamotoDDS, PhD, and
Takeshi YokoyamaDDS, PhD
Article Category: Case Report
Volume/Issue: Volume 66: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2019
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-66-02-06
Page Range: 218 – 220

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disease first described in 1927. 1 It is an extremely rare disease with a prevalence of 1:350,000 births, and is characterized by short stature, polydactyly, hearing loss, and pancytopenia. 1 – 3 The majority of patients develop cancer and 90% develop bone marrow failure by the age of 40 years. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is the only treatment for establishing normal hematopoiesis in these patients. 1 , 3 Chemotherapy is necessary for allogeneic SCT. Dental treatment is usually performed

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Perioperative Management of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient Patient: A Review of Literature
Cpt Ali R. ElyassiDDS and
Maj Henry H. RowshanDDS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 56: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2009
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-56.3.86
Page Range: 86 – 91

following is a literature review, including disease background, pathophysiology, and clinical implications, to help guide the clinician in management of the G6PD-deficient patient. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, OMIM, and Google; this was supplemented by a search for selected authors. Keywords used were glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, anesthesia, analgesia, anxiolysis, management, favism, hemolytic anemia, benzodiazepines, codeine, codeine

Figure 1; The hexose monophosphate shunt.
Cpt Ali R. Elyassi and
Maj Henry H. Rowshan
Figure 1
Figure 1

The hexose monophosphate shunt.

Figure 3; High-power view of a normal peripheral blood smear. The red cells are of relatively uniform size and shape. A lymphocyte can also be seen. The diameter of the normal red cell should approximate that of the nucleus of the small lymphocyte. (© 2007 Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia Charles E. Hess, M.D., and Lindsey Krstic, B.A.)
Cpt Ali R. Elyassi and
Maj Henry H. Rowshan
Figure 3
Figure 3

High-power view of a normal peripheral blood smear. The red cells are of relatively uniform size and shape. A lymphocyte can also be seen. The diameter of the normal red cell should approximate that of the nucleus of the small lymphocyte. (© 2007 Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia Charles E. Hess, M.D., and Lindsey Krstic, B.A.)

Severe Bleeding During Orthognathic Surgery for a Noonan Syndrome Patient
Haruka SasakiDDS and
Kentaro MizutaDDS, PhD
Article Category: Case Report
Volume/Issue: Volume 69: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Dec 19, 2022
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-69-02-02
Page Range: 22 – 25

a Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy under general anesthesia. Cephalometric radiographs revealed mandibular prognathism due to maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular hyperplasia. She had a short stature, hypertelorism, a short neck, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, an atrial septal defect, iron-deficiency anemia, and recurrent episodes of lymphoedema caused by arteriovenous malformations in both lower extremities. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed mild left ventricular hypertrophy (interventricular septum width 16 mm; normal

General Anesthesia in a Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Child: A Case Report
Takahiro GoiDDS,
Yoshiki ShionoyaDDS, PhD,
Katsuhisa SunadaDDS, PhD, and
Kiminari NakamuraDDS, PhD
Article Category: Case Report
Volume/Issue: Volume 66: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2019
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-66-01-05
Page Range: 94 – 96

observed no increase in potassium, lactic acid dehydrogenase, or indirect bilirubin in the blood tests performed following the dental treatment. In addition, no signs of anemia were noted. Accordingly, the patient was discharged on the same day. We followed up with the patient's family daily for 3 days postoperatively via the telephone, with no issues reported. DISCUSSION G6PD deficiency is an X-linked recessive genetic disease that exhibits symptoms including acute hemolytic attacks, jaundice, and anemia due to the oxidation of hemoglobin

Anaesthesia for the High Risk Patient
Dr Earle R. YoungBSc, DDS, BScD, MSc, FADSA
Article Category: Book Review
Volume/Issue: Volume 52: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Mar 01, 2005
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2005)52[41:AFTHRP]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 41 – 42

cover topics such as respiratory risk, analgesia for the high-risk patient, local anesthetic techniques, the elderly patient, optimization, gastrointestinal considerations, renal considerations, anemia, the role of the cardiology consult, and the actual meaning of risk , again to name only a few. Similarly, considerations with respect to a couple of commonly used outpatient drugs—ketamine and nitrous oxide—are emphasized. For example, ketamine may increase oxygen extraction by tissues, thus helping prevent lactic acidosis, especially in the septic model. In

The Recognition, Physiology, and Treatment of Medication-Induced Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report
Michael D. TurnerDDS, MD,
Vasiliki KarlisDMD, MD, and
Robert S. GlickmanDMD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 54: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2007
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2007)54[115:TRPATO]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 115 – 117

in oxygen saturation and no other complications. DISCUSSION The most frequent reaction to occur with dapsone toxicity is hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. Hemoglobin levels can decrease by 1–2 g/dL with an increase of 2–12% in the reticulocyte count. 1 Most patients are asymptomatic until approximately 30% of hemoglobin is present as methemoglobin, although lower levels may be associated with cyanosis. Discontinuation of therapy is only indicated when the methemoglobinemia causes symptomatic, hemodynamic instability

General Anesthesia During Lip Repair and Palatoplasty After Glenn Surgery
Kaoru Yamashita,
Toshiro Kibe,
Atsushi Kohjitani,
Yurina Higa,
Ayako Niiro,
Minako Uchino,
Kanae Aoyama,
Rumi Shidou,
Kohei Hashiguchi, and
Mitsutaka Sugimura
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 67: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jul 06, 2020
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-67-02-05
Page Range: 107 – 108

, Onishi R, et al . Anesthetic management of a child with Diamond-Blackfan anemia and cyanotic congenital heart disease undergoing cleft lip repair [in Japanese] . J Jpn Dental Soc Anesthesiol . 2017 ; 45 : 669 – 671 . 3.  Ootsuka Y, Takeuchi M ( Inada E ). Introduction and Maintenance of