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Oral Clonidine Pretreatment Prior to Venous Cannulation
David L. HallDDS,
Ehsan RezvanDDS,
Dimitris N. TatakisDDS, PhD, and
John D. WaltersDDS, MS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 53: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2006
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2006)53[34:OCPPTV]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 34 – 42

of subjects required for this study ( N = 13) was determined by power analysis of data from a previous bispectral index (BIS) study. 19 Each subject took nothing by mouth for 8–12 hours and was accompanied and transported by a responsible adult. All subjects arrived 1 hour prior to scheduled periodontal surgery (time = 0) and were seated in a semi-supine position in a standard dental chair. Baseline skin temperatures (T1, finger, and T2, forearm), BIS ( Figure 1 ), Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S; Table 1 ), frontal temporal

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Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS) as a Guide for Intubation Without Neuromuscular Blockade in Office‐Based Pediatric General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Evaluation
Zakaria S MessiehaDDS,
Samuel GuirguisDO, and
Sherine HannaMD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 58: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2011
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-58.1.3
Page Range: 3 – 7

other airway‐related complications such as negative‐pressure pulmonary edema or laryngotracheal damage during the intubation phase. The Bispectral Index System (BIS) is a monitor (Covidien Healthcare, formerly Aspect Medical Systems, Newton, Mass) that derives its data from an electroencephalogram using bispectral and time domain parameters. 1 It is frequently used to monitor the depth of anesthesia in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Studies have shown the value of BIS monitoring in reducing extubation and recovery times in pediatric ambulatory patients

Figure 4; Changes in bispectral index (BIS). At the optimum sedation level, BIS was significantly lower than pretreatment values in the 2 groups. During maintenance administration, the fluctuation of BIS in Group D was greater than that in Group P.
Kiichi Taniyama,
Hideki Oda,
Kazuko Okawa,
Katsuhito Himeno,
Koki Shikanai, and
Tohru Shibutani
Figure 4
Figure 4

Changes in bispectral index (BIS). At the optimum sedation level, BIS was significantly lower than pretreatment values in the 2 groups. During maintenance administration, the fluctuation of BIS in Group D was greater than that in Group P.

Figure 1; Clinical photograph of BIS monitor and 4 electrodes placed on patient's forehead.
Christel M. Haberland,
Suher Baker, and
Haibei Liu
Figure 1
Figure 1

Clinical photograph of BIS monitor and 4 electrodes placed on patient's forehead.

Anesthetic Management of a Patient With a Vagal Nerve Stimulator
Kazuaki YamagataDDS, PhD,
Yohsuke HiroseDDS, PhD,
Kenji TanakaDDS,
Miki YoshidaDDS, PhD,
Tomotaka OhnukiDDS, PhD,
Ryozo SendoDDS,
Hitoshi NiwaDDS, PhD, and
Mitsutaka SugimuraDDS, PhD
Article Category: Case Report
Volume/Issue: Volume 67: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2020
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-66-03-02
Page Range: 16 – 22

electrocardiogram. She was morbidly obese and, according to her mother, did not have a definitive diagnosis of OSA, but snored frequently. Preoperative physical assessment confirmed no impairment or restriction to her maximum interincisal distance, but her Mallampati classification could not be determined because of lack of compliance. She took her 3 daily prescribed anticonvulsants on the morning of the surgery and no other premedication was administered. Standard anesthesia monitors (pulse oximetry, standard electrocardiography, bispectral index [BIS] monitoring, and

Figure 2 ; BIS monitor electrode Electrical potential difference between electrodes 1 and 3, and between 1 and 4, are reflected in the BIS Index. Electrode 2 is a reference electrode.
<bold>Figure 2</bold>
Figure 2

BIS monitor electrode Electrical potential difference between electrodes 1 and 3, and between 1 and 4, are reflected in the BIS Index. Electrode 2 is a reference electrode.

General Anesthesia for a Patient With Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
Nobuhito KamekuraDDS, PhD,
Yukie NittaDDS, PhD,
Shigeru TakumaDDS, PhD, and
Toshiaki FujisawaDDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 63: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2016
DOI: 10.2344/15-00022.1
Page Range: 91 – 94

heart rate was 120 bpm. In addition to standard electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, noninvasive blood pressure, and end-tidal CO 2 , bispectral index (BIS) and train-of-4 (TOF) monitoring were performed. General anesthesia was induced with thiamylal (150 mg), fentanyl (0.1 mg), and desflurane (1.2 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]) in air and oxygen. After these drugs were administered, his blood pressure decreased to 108/66 mm Hg and his heart rate to 103 bpm. Rocuronium (20 mg) was administered to facilitate nasal tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was

Figure 3 ; Scatter plots of bispectral index (BIS) versus salivary weight in (A) without-movements (closed circles) and (B) with-movements (open circles) states.
Yoko Sasaki,
Seiichi Kato,
Masaaki Miura, and
Haruhisa Fukayama
<bold>Figure 3</bold>
Figure 3

Scatter plots of bispectral index (BIS) versus salivary weight in (A) without-movements (closed circles) and (B) with-movements (open circles) states.

Figure 2; Results of BIS values at the different stages of the procedure (baseline, start of procedure, and recovery) for all patients (n  =  35).
Christel M. Haberland,
Suher Baker, and
Haibei Liu
Figure 2
Figure 2

Results of BIS values at the different stages of the procedure (baseline, start of procedure, and recovery) for all patients (n  =  35).

Figure 5; Changes in bispectral index (BIS) and Ramsay score (RS). BIS decreased significantly from 10 minutes after the start of dexmedetomidine (Dex) infusion to 30 minutes after the end of Dex infusion (P < .05). RS showed the optimal sedation level from 10 minutes to 30 minutes after the start of Dex infusion.
Sachie Ogawa,
Hiroaki Seino,
Hiroshi Ito,
Shinya Yamazaki,
Steven Ganzberg, and
Hiroyoshi Kawaai
Figure 5
Figure 5

Changes in bispectral index (BIS) and Ramsay score (RS). BIS decreased significantly from 10 minutes after the start of dexmedetomidine (Dex) infusion to 30 minutes after the end of Dex infusion (P < .05). RS showed the optimal sedation level from 10 minutes to 30 minutes after the start of Dex infusion.