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Cardiovascular Effects of Felypressin
Rodrigo CecanhoDDS, ScD,
Laurival Antonio De Luca JrScD, and
José RanaliDDS, ScD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 53: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2006
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2006)53[119:CEOF]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 119 – 125

increase in baroreflex gain (BG). 7 , 8 BG may be defined as the degree of effectiveness to which the baroreflex maintains the arterial pressure at near-normal conditions, producing reflex bradycardia and vasodilation after a rapid arterial pressure elevation or permitting tachycardia and vasoconstriction after a decrease in arterial pressure. 9 Injection of the V 1 receptor antagonist in the area postrema (AP) 10 or AP lesion 11 inhibits the ability of peripheral AVP to enhance BG. The V 2 receptors are present in the kidneys, and they promote water retention when

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Figure 1.; Mean and SEM of mean arterial pressure of the rats submitted to intravenous (IV) injection of 240 ng kg−1 of felypressin (FEL), 250 ng kg−1 of vasopressin (AVP), or 2 μg kg−1 of epinephrine (EPI) after IV injection of 0.9% NaCl, IV injection of 15 μg kg−1 of β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl-0 methyl-tyrosine, arginine vasopressin (β-MER), intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 100 ng of B-mer, or removal (APX) or sham removal (APS) of area postrema. Different letters mean a statistical difference (P < .05) between different treatments of the same group. * P < .05 versus EPI group.
Rodrigo Cecanho,
Laurival Antonio De Luca Jr, and
José Ranali
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Mean and SEM of mean arterial pressure of the rats submitted to intravenous (IV) injection of 240 ng kg−1 of felypressin (FEL), 250 ng kg−1 of vasopressin (AVP), or 2 μg kg−1 of epinephrine (EPI) after IV injection of 0.9% NaCl, IV injection of 15 μg kg−1 of β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl-0 methyl-tyrosine, arginine vasopressin (β-MER), intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 100 ng of B-mer, or removal (APX) or sham removal (APS) of area postrema. Different letters mean a statistical difference (P < .05) between different treatments of the same group. * P < .05 versus EPI group.

Figure 2.; Mean and SEM of heart rate of the rats submitted to intravenous (IV) injection of 240 ng kg−1 of felypressin (FEL), 250 ng kg−1 of vasopressin (AVP), or 2 μg kg−1 of epinephrine (EPI) after IV injection of 0.9% NaCl, IV injection of 15 μg kg−1 of β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl-0 methyl-tyrosine, arginine vasopressin (β-MER), intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 100 ng of B-MER, or removal (APX) or sham removal (APS) of area postrema. Different letters mean a statistical difference (P < .05) between different treatments of the same group.
Rodrigo Cecanho,
Laurival Antonio De Luca Jr, and
José Ranali
Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Mean and SEM of heart rate of the rats submitted to intravenous (IV) injection of 240 ng kg−1 of felypressin (FEL), 250 ng kg−1 of vasopressin (AVP), or 2 μg kg−1 of epinephrine (EPI) after IV injection of 0.9% NaCl, IV injection of 15 μg kg−1 of β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl-0 methyl-tyrosine, arginine vasopressin (β-MER), intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 100 ng of B-MER, or removal (APX) or sham removal (APS) of area postrema. Different letters mean a statistical difference (P < .05) between different treatments of the same group.

Anesthetic Management of the Hypertensive Patient: Part II
Russell YanceyDDS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 65: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2018
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-65-03-17
Page Range: 206 – 213

hypokalemia rarely requires immediate treatment. It is important to recognize that many chronically hypertensive patients have an upward autoregulation of their tissue perfusion pressures due to an increase in their arterial pressures. 32 During anesthesia, the cardiac depressant effect of many general anesthetic medications can cause significant reduction in systemic vascular resistance and, especially when combined with the decreased baroreflex response, can lead to large swings in blood pressure. 33 Hypertension is associated with a right shift in the

Intravenous Sedation with Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine: Its Potential for Use in Dentistry
Sachie OgawaDDS,
Hiroaki SeinoDDS,
Hiroshi ItoDDS,
Shinya YamazakiDDS, PhD,
Steven GanzbergDMD, MS, and
Hiroyoshi KawaaiDDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 55: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2008
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-55.3.82
Page Range: 82 – 88

peripheral vascular receptors and diffusion into the central nervous system with resultant sympatholytic effects. In addition, MacDonald et al 18 reported that the bradycardiac effect induced by α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists is mediated in part by α 2 -adrenoceptors and in part by a baroreflex-mediated response. MAP showed significant decreases from the 10 minute time point following infusion throughout the 60 minute post-infusion period. It decreased from an average of 85 mm Hg to 70 to 77 mm Hg over an 80 minute period. The decrease in MAP from 10 minutes until

Retrospective Study on the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting and Hypotension During Orthognathic Surgery Using Propofol or Remimazolam
Rumi KanekoDDS,
Kyotaro KoshikaDDS, PhD,
Mai ShionoyaDDS,
Kotaro ShimizuDDS,
Yuka SendaiDDS,
Nobutaka MatsuuraDDS, and
Tatsuya IchinoheDDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 71: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: May 03, 2024
DOI: 10.2344/23-00002
Page Range: 3 – 7

reported that intraoperative hypotension is likely to occur due to sympathetic inhibitory effects and impairment of baroreflex regulatory mechanisms. 13 Conversely, remimazolam, a new ultrashort-acting intravenous (IV) benzodiazepine, provides improved hemodynamic stability and is less likely to lower blood pressure compared to propofol. 14 Although known PONV risk factors include females, nonsmokers, history of PONV/motion sickness, and postoperative opioid use, intraoperative hypotension may be another risk factor. 15 It is not clear whether remimazolam and

Dexmedetomidine Sedation With and Without Midazolam for Third Molar Surgery
Megann K. SmileyDMD, MS and
Simon R. PriorBDS, PhD, MS
Article Category: Other
Volume/Issue: Volume 61: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2014
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-61.1.3
Page Range: 3 – 10

administered dexmedetomidine is a peripherally mediated, postsynaptic α-2 receptor–activated hypertension, particularly when it is administered as an intravenous bolus rather than as an infusion. 21 , 22 This reaction is most commonly seen in the early phase of administration. Conversely, attenuation of sympathetic outflow from the CNS may result in unacceptable hypotension and bradycardia. Interestingly, it appears that baroreflex sensitivity is not changed and patients will have appropriate heart rate responses to hypotension and hypovolemia. 1 , 23 At present

A Comparison of Intravenous Sedation With Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine: 0.2 µg/kg/hr Versus 0.4 µg/kg/hr
Hiroyoshi KawaaiDDS, PhD,
Jun SatohDDS,
Masahiro WatanabeDDS,
Keiichi KanMD, PhD,
Steven GanzbergDMD, MS, and
Shinya YamazakiDDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 57: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2010
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-57.3.96
Page Range: 96 – 103

unavoidable effect of infusing α 2 agonists because the time differential between direct binding to the peripheral vascular receptors and diffusion into the central nervous system, which decreases the sympathetic outflow during intravenous infusions, is difficult to control. In addition, MacDonald et al 18 reported that the bradycardiac effect induced by α 2 adrenoceptor agonists is partly mediated by α 2 adrenoceptors and partly by the baroreflex. MAP in both groups showed significant decreases from the 10-minute time point following start of infusion