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Cardiac arrest, 34 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 62 Cardiorenal syndrome, 34 Cauterization, 95 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, 80 CIED, 95 Congenital heart disease, 201 Congestive heart failure, 34 Conscious sedation, 25 Coronary artery steal, 42 Cough reflex, 185 Deep sedation, 185 Defibrillation, 95 Dental anesthesia, 84, 116, 139, 192 Dental education, 62 Dental emergency, 34 Dental injection technique, 192 Dental radiographs, 181

cautery, and sevoflurane 0.5–1% was administered with the patient spontaneously ventilating. Her vital signs showed no marked changes. The patient was subsequently awakened from anesthesia with her head elevated. No agitation was observed during emergence, and she was extubated (total blood loss volume 1215 mL). An alginate wound dressing was placed in the cauterized area, and an absorbent surgical sponge was placed behind the left side of the nasal passage. After 3 days, the surgical sponge was removed, and the alginate wound dressing underwent spontaneous

electrical cauterization; if cauterization is unsuccessful, start anterior nasal packing followed by posterior packing with a nasal tampon or ribbon gauze; if packing is unsuccessful, repack using a Foley catheter or an inflatable balloon device; and if the bleeding continues, start surgical intervention or artery embolization ( Figure 2 ). Figure 2 Algorithm for the management of epistaxis. (From

. The use of certain instruments such as electrocautery can interfere with the function of pacemakers and ICDs. Between the 2 forms of electrocautery available, bipolar is preferred over monopolar for patients with pacemakers and ICDs. In the bipolar form, the active and returning electrodes are together at the site of cauterization, whereas the monopolar form utilizes the patient's body as a ground. The grounding pad usually is positioned on the thigh, which carries the returning current back to the machine. The main concern with the use of electrocautery is that the