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, ear lobe, remaining umbilicus, or nipple. 1 Rarely, this syndrome may also affect the tongue and uvula, with very little reference of oral effects found in medical literature. There is no mention of the dental effects of HTS in either medical or dental literature. Like most body growth, hair growth is dynamic and a single hair can vary in its growth cycle from its neighbor. On average, as many as 50–100 hairs per day enter and complete the telegenic phase of hair growth and exfoliate. 2 Factors that influence exfoliation are recent birth, chemotherapy, frequent

Patients with mental and physical limitations often pose a challenge when presenting for dental treatment. Lack of cooperation, combative behavior and physical limitations can make conventional office-based comprehensive dental treatment under local anesthesia very difficult and sometimes impossible. To avoid the risks of injury or excessive stress as well as the inability to provide high quality and well-delivered dental care, dentists often resort to the management of their special needs patients under general anesthesia. 1 , 2 The

-Kleffner syndrome. CASE REPORT A 9-year-old male child with no significant past medical history except for the presence of Landau-Kleffner syndrome was scheduled for multiple dental extractions and restorations under general anesthesia at our hospital. According to the history obtained from the parents and from the neurology consultation, the child had normal motor, sensory, and psychosocial development until his sixth birthday. At that point, he lost his auditory comprehension and verbal communication skills and became completely aphasic over

Since the global outbreak in 2020 of the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 that triggered the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers have continued performing their clinical duties to fulfill their work responsibilities while being exposed to infection risks. Dental procedures are considered a high risk for infection because many generate aerosols. The administration of sedation and general anesthesia may result in high levels of respiratory aerosols being generated, especially when positive pressure ventilation is used during intubation and extubation

occur, rapid, immediate treatment is required to prevent permanent brain damage. 9 CASE PRESENTATION A 40-year-old white woman with a diagnosis of severe dental caries and acute abscesses presented to the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine for full mouth extraction under deep sedation/general anesthesia. The surgical plan included extraction of the remaining 25 teeth and 4 quadrants of alveoloplasty. Upon arrival, nothing by mouth (NPO) and allergy status were verified. Preoperative assessments were completed, and consent

attention is required. Anaphylaxis often develops in the perioperative period; however, numerous cases of anaphylaxis caused by various drugs and materials used during dental treatment have been reported. 5 – 15 Since anaphylaxis is a rare occurrence in the general dental setting, it can be difficult to diagnose quickly and provide appropriate prompt treatment. A previous study reported that knowledge regarding anaphylaxis and the life-saving treatment of anaphylaxis was not significantly different between physicians and dentists ( P = .078). 16 However, the proportion

Adverse drug reactions occur in 10–20% of hospitalized patients and in approximately 7% of those in the ambulatory setting. 1 By convention, adverse drug reactions are categorized as type A or type B. Type B reactions were addressed in a previous continuing education article in this journal and consist mostly of idiosyncrasy or drug allergy. 2 Type A reactions are the focus of this article. They are more common and are generally attributable to known pharmacological or toxic effects of the drug. The typical pharmacopeia in dental practice

Dental anxiety is a very common phenomenon and remains an obstacle for many patients to seeking proper dental care despite all the technological advances in dentistry. Multiple etiologies have been proposed in the past. Thomson et al 1 suggested that even though endogenous factors (personality traits) play a role in its development, it develops mainly from exogenous (conditioning) factors. Van Wijk and Hoogstraten 2 revealed that a single early traumatic experience can be the main cause of dental anxiety. Oosterink et al 3 showed that a

Pain and anxiety control techniques have constituted an essential aspect of dental practice since the first patient sat in a dental chair. The dental profession has maintained and procured this institution by continually developing and improving safe and effective sedative and anesthetic techniques. Without advancement of these modalities, various populations such as persons with special needs, children, and patients with dental phobias could not obtain comprehensive oral care. 1 Unfortunately, general descriptions or “snapshots” of