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A 23-year-old male patient undergoing a routine postoperative examination was found to have deviation of the tongue to the right side as well as dysphonia ( Figure ). Deviation of the tongue to the right side and dysphonia. Deviation of the tongue to the right side and dysphonia. Eleven days previously, he underwent surgical removal of the upper right wisdom tooth leading to a large oroantral communication. The patient had postoperative oral bleeding and

Spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is one of the autosomal dominant inherited SCD diseases, and its frequency is relatively rare at 5.8%. Patients with SCA1 exhibit problems with balance and coordination but can also have dysphonia, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, and muscle spasticity and atrophy. These issues should be carefully taken into consideration when managing anesthesia for patients with SCD/SCA1

Many terms have been used to refer to a laryngeal granuloma, including arytenoid granuloma, vocal process granuloma, or vocal fold granuloma. 2 , 7 , 8 Clinical signs and symptoms of laryngeal granulomas can include dysphonia, hoarseness, sore throat, and dyspnea, which may not manifest until 1–4 months after extubation. 2 , 7 – 9 Common causes include mechanical trauma or irritation from an endotracheal tube (ETT; 23%), excessive vocal straining or overuse (33%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (30%). 3 Manipulation of the airway during intubation and

the upper airway and lead to potentially critical situations, particularly in newborns and infants. 4 – 6 Adults with epiglottic cysts may report symptoms such as hoarseness, pharyngolaryngeal discomfort, dysphonia, dysphagia, 7 or dyspnea. Epiglottic cysts have a higher prevalence in males, 8 and patients who are otherwise asymptomatic (ie, no signs of airway obstruction) are usually followed without any intervention. However, if subjective symptoms are observed, a large cyst is suspected of obstructing the upper airway, 9 , 10 or obstructive sleep apnea is

assessment after surgery are available, and hoarseness is neither a good indicator of laryngeal injury or dysphagia. Protocol-guided screening for dysphonia and dysphagia may lead to improved identification of injury and, therefore, improved patient outcomes and reduced health care utilization. Comment: In the discussion of this paper, the authors state: “the most remarkable finding was that though laryngeal injury and its symptoms are common after intubation, an overwhelming majority of patients will emerge from short-term surgeries (less than 2 hours) without

injury include inadequate vocal cord relaxation during intubation, intraoperative pressure from the endotracheal tube on the vocal cords, and overinflation of the ETT tube cuff. Previous studies report most postoperative vocal cord complications resolve within several days after extubation, however, approximately 1% result in persistent dysphonia after acute and subacute healing has been completed. These data help clinicians inform patients during the preoperative informed consent, but broad generalizations should be avoided because the risk of bias from closed claims

to approximately 75–95% of cases), malnutrition, intravenous drug use, diabetes mellitus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, immunosuppression, and systemic lupus erythematosus. 1 Signs and symptoms of LA include malaise, dysphagia, drooling, bilateral cervical swelling, neck tenderness, dysphonia, elevation, posterior displacement and swelling of the tongue, pain in the floor of the mouth, sore throat, restricted neck movement, and stridor. 2 These signs and symptoms suggest impending airway obstruction. 1 During the past century, in at-risk populations, the