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Fundamentals of Electrocardiography Interpretation
Daniel E. BeckerDDS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 53: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2006
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2006)53[53:FOEI]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 53 – 64

Goldberger , A. L. Clinical Electrocardiography: A Simplified Approach . 6th ed . St Louis, Mo Mosby Inc . 1999 . CONTINUING EDUCATION QUESTIONS Which of the following events is recorded in an ECG tracing? Depolarization of the SA node. Contraction of ventricular muscle. Repolarization of atrial muscle

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Figure 1 ; Preoperative 12-lead electrocardiography. An incomplete right bundle branch block and sinus bradycardia (heart rate, 56 bpm) were present.
Naotaka Kishimoto,
Munenori Kato,
Yasunori Nakanishi,
Akari Hasegawa, and
Yoshihiro Momota
<bold>Figure 1</bold>
Figure 1

Preoperative 12-lead electrocardiography. An incomplete right bundle branch block and sinus bradycardia (heart rate, 56 bpm) were present.

Figure 2 ; Intraoperative electrocardiography during the first operation. (A) Before induction of general anesthesia. (B) Immediately after administration of ephedrine during general anesthesia.
Naotaka Kishimoto,
Munenori Kato,
Yasunori Nakanishi,
Akari Hasegawa, and
Yoshihiro Momota
<bold>Figure 2</bold>
Figure 2

Intraoperative electrocardiography during the first operation. (A) Before induction of general anesthesia. (B) Immediately after administration of ephedrine during general anesthesia.

Figure 3 ; Intraoperative electrocardiography during the second operation. (A) Before induction of general anesthesia. (B) Immediately after administration of ephedrine during general anesthesia.
Naotaka Kishimoto,
Munenori Kato,
Yasunori Nakanishi,
Akari Hasegawa, and
Yoshihiro Momota
<bold>Figure 3</bold>
Figure 3

Intraoperative electrocardiography during the second operation. (A) Before induction of general anesthesia. (B) Immediately after administration of ephedrine during general anesthesia.

Cardiovascular Monitoring: Physiological and Technical Considerations
Andrew B. CasabiancaDMD, MD and
Daniel E. BeckerDDS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 56: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2009
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-56.2.53
Page Range: 53 – 60

be verified by palpation. While the pulse oximeter and ECG both monitor heart rate, it is the pulse oximeter that assures pulsatile blood flow and is most useful for monitoring pulse. The ECG supplements this information and adds an ability to detect rhythm disturbances. Technical issues regarding electrocardiography and rhythm interpretation were presented more thoroughly in a previous continuing education article in this journal. 8 Published guidelines for patient monitoring during sedation are consistent in requiring the continuous assessment of

Figure 1.; Specialized neural-like conductive tissues and their approximate firing rates.
Daniel E. Becker
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Specialized neural-like conductive tissues and their approximate firing rates.

Figure 2.; Depolarization and repolarization of cell membranes. A) The resting cell membrane is charged positively on the outside and negatively on the inside. B) Following a stimulus (S), positive ions enter the cell reversing this polarity. C) This process continues until the entire cell is depolarized. D) Ions are returned to their normal location and the cell repolarizes to its normal resting potential.
Daniel E. Becker
Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Depolarization and repolarization of cell membranes. A) The resting cell membrane is charged positively on the outside and negatively on the inside. B) Following a stimulus (S), positive ions enter the cell reversing this polarity. C) This process continues until the entire cell is depolarized. D) Ions are returned to their normal location and the cell repolarizes to its normal resting potential.

Figure 3.; Summary of events of a cardiac cycle. Of the 8 physiologic events listed for a cardiac cycle, only 3 are actually observed on an ECG tracing.
Daniel E. Becker
Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Summary of events of a cardiac cycle. Of the 8 physiologic events listed for a cardiac cycle, only 3 are actually observed on an ECG tracing.

Figure 4.; A) Einthoven's triangle and B) standard limb leads I, II, and III.
Daniel E. Becker
Figure 4.
Figure 4.

A) Einthoven's triangle and B) standard limb leads I, II, and III.

Figure 5.; Standard ECG paper.
Daniel E. Becker
Figure 5.
Figure 5.

Standard ECG paper.