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Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. 1 Drug resistance is one of the main features of this syndrome, as seizures are often refractory to drug treatment. 1 DS is a partial epileptic encephalopathy leading to cognitive decline. 2 , 3 We document a case of anesthetic management via intravenous (IV) sedation of a patient with DS and comorbid intellectual disability. CASE PRESENTATION A 12-year-old girl (height, 139.5 cm; weight, 27.3 kg) diagnosed with DS was scheduled for removal of

rocuronium onset during general anesthesia in a patient on long-term anticonvulsant therapy because of intractable epilepsy. Written consent was obtained from the patient’s legal guardian to publish the details of this case report. CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old man (height, 150 cm [59 in]; weight, 30 kg; body mass index, 13.3 kg/m 2 ) was scheduled for extraction of all 4 third molars and restorative treatment for dental caries. He was delivered at 37 weeks gestation with no perinatal abnormalities. However, 3 days after delivery, he contracted bacterial meningitis

Landau-Kleffner syndrome is a rare disorder of early childhood, characterized by sudden regression of language skills, with primary features of aphasia, epilepsy, and electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. Landau-Kleffner syndrome was first described in a series of cases described in 1957 by William Landau, a neurologist at Washington University, and Frank Kleffner, a speech pathologist at St Louis Central Institute for the Deaf. 1 In this case report, we describe the anesthetic management of a child with a diagnosis of Landau

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been available for the treatment of refractory epilepsy since 1994 in Europe and since 1997 in the United States. 1 VNS relieves the frequency and extent of an epileptic seizure by intermittently applying electrical stimulation along a wire connecting an implantable pulse generator to the left cervical vagal nerve. There is substantial evidence in the current literature supporting the effectiveness of VNS in providing relief from seizures. However, 10–30% of patients fail to respond to treatment with VNS. 2

. CASE PRESENTATION A 14-year-old girl (height 116 cm; weight 18 kg; body mass index 13.4 kg/m 2 ) with CP, epilepsy, severe intellectual disabilities, and difficulty communicating presented for endodontic treatment of the left maxillary first molar secondary to dental caries. Since the patient was unable to cooperate, general anesthesia was planned. She had been taking valproic acid (300 mg/d) and lamotrigine (20 mg/d) for epilepsy and had been seizure free for more than 2 years. At 12 years of age, she experienced an episode of acute thoracoabdominal muscle

did not require any food modification. However, he needed total assistance in eating because of involuntary movements of the upper limbs. He was not able to take tablets, but was able to take powdered medicine. Physical examination revealed nystagmus; ataxia with spasticity, especially in the lower limbs; and frequent movements of the upper limbs and upper body. He could not stand straight and walk, but he could operate a wheelchair by himself. As he had no past history of epilepsy, aspiration pneumonia, or swallowing difficulties, it was decided to perform general

anesthesia. The patient’s mother provided written informed consent to publish the details of this report. CASE PRESENTATION A 25-year-old woman (height, 161.3 cm; weight, 56.1 kg; body mass index, 21.6 kg/m 2 ) with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and epilepsy was scheduled to undergo extraction of 4 impacted third molars under general anesthesia. Verbal communication with the patient was minimal due to her intellectual disability. She had been taking carbamazepine (4.8 g/d) orally for epilepsy for about 10 years. Her

. He had not previously undergone sedation or general anesthesia. There was no relevant family history. However, the patient was morbidly obese and had a history of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, cerebral infarction, epilepsy, and severe mental retardation. At the time of his scheduled treatment, the patient was regularly receiving antiepileptic drugs including sodium valproate, carbamazepine, clonazepam, clobazam, diazepam, and the mitochondrial function-activating drug levocarnitine. He had no known allergies. His status at the time of the procedure was as

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by leptomeningeal hemangiomas; a facial port-wine nevus distributed over the trigeminal nerve area, usually unilaterally; and buphthalmos. This syndrome is also called encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis. 1 These hemangiomas cause neurological abnormalities, including epilepsy, mental retardation, and hemiplegia. Resection of gingival tissue and professional oral care are required because of enlargement of the soft tissues as a result of hemangiomas in addition to phenytoin group