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Essentials of Airway Management, Oxygenation, and Ventilation: Part 1: Basic Equipment and Devices
Daniel E. Becker,
Morton B. Rosenberg, and
James C. Phero
Article Category: Other
Volume/Issue: Volume 61: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2014
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-61.2.78
Page Range: 78 – 83

. Although oxygen-powered resuscitators appear simple to use, their delivered inspiratory pressures cannot be modified easily, and the loss of the feel of chest compliance may easily lead to gastric insufflation and also produce lung barotrauma. Bag-valve-mask devices are the preferred equipment to deliver positive pressure ventilation to the apneic patient. A typical BVM device is illustrated in Figure 3 . With oxygen flow at 15 L/min, a BVM with reservoir will provide 90–95% inspired oxygen concentrations. Proper use requires training and skill on the part of the

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Figure 1.; Standard OSCE setup in the dental operatory. The standard OSCE setup, including a SimMan3G, emergency equipment, and red emergency manual openly available on the countertops.
Jesse W. Manton,
Kelly S. Kennedy,
Jonathan A. Lipps,
Sheryl A. Pfeil, and
Bryant W. Cornelius
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Standard OSCE setup in the dental operatory. The standard OSCE setup, including a SimMan3G, emergency equipment, and red emergency manual openly available on the countertops.

Figure 1.  ; Oxygen regulators and cylinder content. Oxygen regulators have various designs but all have the illustrated components. Cylinders have a valve stem at their top that is turned on to release oxygen to the regulator. Cylinders vary in volume of oxygen, but their pressure is identical. A conversion factor can be used to estimate the time remaining in a cylinder at various flow rates. (See text.)
Daniel E. Becker,
Morton B. Rosenberg, and
James C. Phero
<bold>Figure 1. </bold>
Figure 1. 

Oxygen regulators and cylinder content. Oxygen regulators have various designs but all have the illustrated components. Cylinders have a valve stem at their top that is turned on to release oxygen to the regulator. Cylinders vary in volume of oxygen, but their pressure is identical. A conversion factor can be used to estimate the time remaining in a cylinder at various flow rates. (See text.)

Figure 2.  ; Devices for oxygen supplementation.
Daniel E. Becker,
Morton B. Rosenberg, and
James C. Phero
<bold>Figure 2. </bold>
Figure 2. 

Devices for oxygen supplementation.

Figure 3.  ; Bag-valve-mask with reservoir. Top left: Tubing is connected to an oxygen source with 15 L/min supplied to the device and entering the reservoir bag while the ventilation bag is compressed. When the ventilation bag is released, it expands and oxygen within the reservoir is sucked into the ventilation bag filling it with oxygen for the next compression. In some models the reservoir bag is replaced with tubing that functions similarly. Ventilation bag sizes vary from approximately 250 mL for neonates to approximately 500 mL for children and approximately 1500 mL for adults. Top right: It is recommended that bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitation bags are equipped with manometers that monitor ventilation pressure. Bottom left and right: One- and two-person BVM ventilations illustrate the proper mask seal using the so-called C-E technique. The mask is sealed with the thumb and first finger forming a “C” configuration over the mask, and the remaining fingers (“E”) are placed under the mandible enhancing the seal and pulling the head into a tilted position.
Daniel E. Becker,
Morton B. Rosenberg, and
James C. Phero
<bold>Figure 3. </bold>
Figure 3. 

Bag-valve-mask with reservoir. Top left: Tubing is connected to an oxygen source with 15 L/min supplied to the device and entering the reservoir bag while the ventilation bag is compressed. When the ventilation bag is released, it expands and oxygen within the reservoir is sucked into the ventilation bag filling it with oxygen for the next compression. In some models the reservoir bag is replaced with tubing that functions similarly. Ventilation bag sizes vary from approximately 250 mL for neonates to approximately 500 mL for children and approximately 1500 mL for adults. Top right: It is recommended that bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitation bags are equipped with manometers that monitor ventilation pressure. Bottom left and right: One- and two-person BVM ventilations illustrate the proper mask seal using the so-called C-E technique. The mask is sealed with the thumb and first finger forming a “C” configuration over the mask, and the remaining fingers (“E”) are placed under the mandible enhancing the seal and pulling the head into a tilted position.

Figure 4. ; Basic airway adjuncts.
Daniel E. Becker,
Morton B. Rosenberg, and
James C. Phero
<bold>Figure 4</bold> . 
Figure 4 . 

Basic airway adjuncts.

Figure 2.  ; Flowchart of enrollment, allocation, and data analysis. 1 Change to another sedative because of not following preoperative fasting period; 2 intravenous (IV) access failure (twice; n = 1); 3 IV access failure (twice; n = 1) and trouble with heart rate variability (HRV) measurement equipment (n = 2).
Keiichiro Wakana,
Yukifumi Kimura,
Yukie Nitta, and
Toshiaki Fujisawa
<bold>Figure 2. </bold>
Figure 2. 

Flowchart of enrollment, allocation, and data analysis. 1 Change to another sedative because of not following preoperative fasting period; 2 intravenous (IV) access failure (twice; n = 1); 3 IV access failure (twice; n = 1) and trouble with heart rate variability (HRV) measurement equipment (n = 2).

Figure 1.; SmartCuff Connected to the Valve of the ETT Pilot Balloon. (A) The SmartCuff device automatically controls the internal cuff pressure once connected to the ETT pilot balloon valve. An extension tube is used to attach the SmartCuff device to the pilot balloon. (B) Enlarged view of the SmartCuff device showing the set (upper right) and measured (center) cuff pressure values. (C) A decrease in cuff pressure is indicated by the red alarm light on the front of the instrument screen and the downward-pointing arrow. The black dot indicates that the equipment is operating correctly. The numbers “28” and “0” on the screen show the set values and the currently measured values, respectively. ETT, endotracheal tube.
Yuzo Imai,
Naotaka Kishimoto,
Shigenobu Kurata,
Yutaka Tanaka,
Tatsuru Tsurumaki,
Hiroko Kanemaru,
Toru Yamamoto, and
Kenji Seo
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

SmartCuff Connected to the Valve of the ETT Pilot Balloon.

(A) The SmartCuff device automatically controls the internal cuff pressure once connected to the ETT pilot balloon valve. An extension tube is used to attach the SmartCuff device to the pilot balloon.

(B) Enlarged view of the SmartCuff device showing the set (upper right) and measured (center) cuff pressure values.

(C) A decrease in cuff pressure is indicated by the red alarm light on the front of the instrument screen and the downward-pointing arrow. The black dot indicates that the equipment is operating correctly. The numbers “28” and “0” on the screen show the set values and the currently measured values, respectively. ETT, endotracheal tube.

Management of Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices in Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Surgery
James TomDDS, MS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 63: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2016
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-63.2.95
Page Range: 95 – 104

performed to revert a CIED to asynchronous or nonsensing modes should life-threatening tachycardias be detected in the perioperative period. 10 Figure 4 illustrates an example of the recommended 90-gauss doughnut-shaped magnet used for CIED inactivation. Equipment and medications for urgent cardioversion or defibrillation should be immediately available in the operatory. It should also be noted that magnets may not always deactivate the sensing capabilities of all CIEDs and may, in fact, be unaffected by magnet application depending on patient-specific programming or

Infection Control in Dental Anesthesiology: A Time for Preliminary Reconsideration of Current Practices
James TomDDS, MS DADBA
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 67: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jul 06, 2020
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-67-02-12
Page Range: 109 – 120

vaccinate themselves against HBV existed despite the introduction of the vaccine 7 years earlier. Improvements in other forms of infection control, such as the routine use of gloves and surgical masks, that were once met with resistance now became gradually accepted as the threat of HIV infection emerged in 1981. ADA recommendations from the Council on Dental Therapeutics 6 stated that the first line of defense from pathogens was the regular use of barrier protection (ie, gloves, masks, and eye shields) in an era when such personal protective equipment (PPE) was