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exacerbations of their RLS symptoms due to immobility and/or pain. 2 We report a case of a suspected RLS exacerbation following bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy under general anesthesia. The patient consented to the publication of her information for this case report. CASE PRESENTATION A 22-year-old woman (height 156 cm; weight 53 kg; body mass index 21.2 kg/m 2 ) with suspected RLS was scheduled for bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy under general anesthesia secondary to a preoperative diagnosis of skeletal class II malocclusion

uneventful. Because of an allergy to fresh cream, he had been on bepotastine, an antihistamine, since the age of 12 years. At the age of 15 years, he received clonazepam for approximately 1 year because of fever of unknown origin and exacerbation of involuntary movements. He was usually homebound and sometimes received rehabilitation at a hospital or carried out light work in a day-stay institution for people with disabilities. On preoperative examination, he was 139 cm (55 inches) tall and weighed 34 kg. He had a blood pressure of 95/72 mm Hg, heart rate of 95 bpm

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by the combination of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps, in addition to hypersensitivity to aspirin and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-inhibiting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). 1 , 2 The detailed mechanism of AERD is still unknown and the triggers of AERD are difficult to distinguish from those of the other types of asthma. 3 , 4 Control of postoperative pain is important after oral and maxillofacial surgery. NSAIDs are frequently used to control

IBD because of the risk of relapse of IBD and an overall increase in disease activity, as well as the general risk of further injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa. 5 Therefore, NSAIDs are used cautiously or are contraindicated in patients with IBD. 6 , 7 Use of COX-2 inhibitors, which may be associated with a lower risk of IBD exacerbations, remains controversial because of potential side effects, such as cardiovascular adverse events. 8 , 9 Moreover, opioid agonists are generally not recommended in patients with IBD because of the risks of ileus, toxic

ketamine infusion. The patient also had an intrauterine device placed as her endometriosis was exacerbating the CRPS symptoms. She reported short-lived symptom improvement and subsequently required “booster” IV ketamine infusions performed on an as-needed basis for pain. Two booster ketamine infusions (each 50 mg) were performed over the following month, but the patient reported less relief compared with previous infusions. Her hospital admission abroad lasted for a total of 3 months. The patient again received care abroad during postinjury year 5 when she was intubated

patient was diagnosed with MS at the age of 19 years, and reportedly was in remission since the age of 35 years, after multiple episodes of remissions and exacerbations. The MS was treated mainly with steroid-pulse, immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange therapy. Although the MS was in a remission phase, she had persisting after-effects, including impaired eyesight due to steroid-induced glaucoma and cataract, and muscle weakness of limbs. She used to walk with the help of a cane, but her activities of daily living had since decreased. In addition, the blood vessels of

Hyperthyroidism is a preexisting disorder that is occasionally encountered by anesthesiologists during preanesthetic evaluations. Hyperthyroidism is usually accompanied by allergies, and there is a suggested relationship between the development of hyperthyroidism and the exacerbation of allergic disease. 1 Here, we report a case with palmoplantar pustulosis and hyperthyroidism diagnosed after simultaneous bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. The patient was a 39-year-old woman (height, 153.2 cm; weight, 48.4 kg) who suffered from

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting amino acid metabolism. MMA causes a variety of symptoms due to the accumulation of methylmalonic acid along with its by-products and can lead to intellectual disability, failure to thrive, and chronic renal disease. Elective procedures should be avoided during acute exacerbations, and patients with MMA should be evaluated preoperatively and optimized to minimize risks of metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia. Proper nutritional management and reducing stress during the