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are visibly soiled with dirt, blood, or bodily fluids, water and soap are preferred. The ASA-endorsed SHEA Expert Guidance statement 11 similarly outlines adherence to World Health Organization's “5 Moments for Hand Hygiene” ( Table 3 ). 13 It should be noted that the use of gloves, both clean and sterile, does not replace the need for recommended hand hygiene by either hand rubbing or handwashing. Accordingly, the World Health Organization recommends 2 methods for hand hygiene for nonsurgical procedures: Table 3

for use in your practice. There are many types of needleless ports in regard to septum surface, seal, fluid pathway, internal mechanism, etc. Switching to this system, and of course never reusing IV fluid bags or lines between patients, should allow easier disinfection and decreased risk of needlestick injuries. Always use an alcohol-based hand rub or proper handwashing prior to and after donning gloves. Lastly, determine who is the most appropriate individual in your practice to prepare and accurately label medications for use in sedation or general