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Recent statistics point to an increasing number of patients in North America with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), which include implantable cardiac pacemakers, implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), cardiac resynchronization devices, and implantable cardiac monitors. In 2012, it was estimated that at least 3 million patients have these devices implanted and more than 250,000 new devices are implanted each year. 1 Of major concern to the dentist practitioner is the possibility of electromagnetic

approval from Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY. We identified records that met the following inclusion criteria: 1. Received GA for dental treatment between July 2009 and May 2011, 2. ICD-9 code for dental caries (521.00), 3. ASA Class I patients, and 4. Age 36–60 months. Two patients were excluded because they were previously

infusion of 30 mg/kg over 2 to 5 minutes is considered beneficial because of its effects on potassium and sodium currents implicated in generating early after-depolarization. 9 Pacemakers and ICDs Discussion with patients regarding pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is absolutely necessary. These treatment modalities are generally reserved for those patients who have not responded to pharmacologic therapy, and as a result they should be considered to be at higher risk for the development of torsades

use of a monopolar electrosurgery unit or “bovie” or radiofrequency ablation). If so, providers are advised to alter the pacing function of a CIED to an asynchronous pacing mode in the pacing-dependent patient and suspend an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator's (ICD) antitachyarrhythmia function if present. Before suspending the antitachyarrhythmia function, ensure that the patient is appropriately monitored. Providers should avoid the indiscriminate use of a magnet placed over an ICD. Intraoperative monitoring should include continuous

Hypersensitive gag reflex, 181 Hyperventilation, 25 Hypocapnia, 25 Hypoglycemia, 208 ICD, 95 Implant, 67 Inferior alveolar nerve, 84 Inferior alveolar nerve block, 3 Infiltration anesthesia, 17, 71, 131 Inhalational anesthesia, 42 Injection pain, 3 Injection pressure, 131 Intellectual disability, 185 Intranasal sedation, 122 Intravenous sedation, 80 Isoflurane, 42 Jawbone, 17, 131 Joint hypermobility and dislocation, 204 Kuwait, 8

, facility type, and/or United States regional location were excluded, leaving 106,420 cases available for the analysis. Cases entered into NACOR were determined to be “dental cases” on the basis of diagnosis codes in the edition of the International Diagnostic Coding system (ICD-9) and procedure codes from Current Procedural Terminology (CPT). Relevant dental ICD and CPT codes were collected into a specific group, designated as Clinical Classification Code 29, and listed in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). In contrast to NACOR, the SCOR database