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Midazolam Premedication in Children: A Pilot Study Comparing Intramuscular and Intranasal Administration
Christy Lam DDS,
 Richard D. Udin DDS,
 Stanley F. Malamed DDS,
 David L. Good DDS, and
 Jane L. Forrest RDH, EdD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 52: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jun 01, 2005
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2005)52[56:MPICAP]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 56 – 61

preoperative sedative agent via the intramuscular, 1 2 intranasal, 3 4 oral, 5 and rectal 6 routes. A relatively slower onset of action is a disadvantage of both the oral and rectal routes of administration. Tolksdorf and Eick 7 found the oral route to be less predictable than the other routes studied, with patients experiencing nausea and vomiting postoperatively. Wilton et al 4 noted that oral midazolam also prolongs the recovery time when compared with other routes. Lejus et al 8 pointed out that although rectal midazolam is an effective premedication, a drawback

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Intranasal Midazolam Sedation in a Pediatric Emergency Dental Clinic
Fathima Peerbhay BSc, BChD, PGDip (PaedDent), MSc (DentPubHealth) and
 Ahmed Mahgoub Elsheikhomer BChD, MSc (PaedDent)
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 63: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2016
DOI: 10.2344/15-00016.1
Page Range: 122 – 130

greater risks than sedation. There is a need for a solution that will allow the operator-dentist to administer a sedation technique that is safe and effective in managing mildly to moderately anxious children in an emergency dental setting so as to avoid exposing the child to any unnecessary psychological trauma. The types of conscious sedation that an operator-dentist is allowed to administer in South Africa include oral sedation (OS), inhalation sedation, and intranasal sedation (INS). Oral sedation (OS) is relatively inexpensive, is easy to administer, and

Use of a Modified Endotracheal Tube for Postoperative Intranasal Hemorrhage
Yasuhiko Sakata DDS,
 Saori Takagi DDS, PhD,
 Shinnosuke Ando DDS,
 Ryoko Kono DDS,
 Yuki Kiyohara DDS,
 Yuka Oono DDS, PhD, and
 Hikaru Kohase DDS, PhD
Article Category: Case Report
Volume/Issue: Volume 71: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: May 03, 2024
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-70-03-09
Page Range: 34 – 38

preoxygenation, continuous infusions of remifentanil 0.5 lg/kg/min and propofol using the target-controlled infusion (TCI) function were started. The patient was induced once the effective-site concentration of propofol was 1.9 lg/mL, and rocuronium 40 mg was then administered. After confirming paralysis via neuromuscular monitoring (a train-of-four 0 count), intranasal disinfection and nasal passage patency confirmation were conducted using cotton swabs immersed in 0.01% benzalkonium chloride disinfectant solution. A preformed, cuffed, 6.5-mm nasal ETT was inserted through

Figure 3 ; Anxiety scale scores during administration of 0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam.
Fathima Peerbhay and
 Ahmed Mahgoub Elsheikhomer
<bold>Figure 3</bold>
Figure 3

Anxiety scale scores during administration of 0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam.

Figure 4 ; Anxiety scale scores during administration of 0.5 mg/kg intranasal midazolam.
Fathima Peerbhay and
 Ahmed Mahgoub Elsheikhomer
<bold>Figure 4</bold>
Figure 4

Anxiety scale scores during administration of 0.5 mg/kg intranasal midazolam.

Figure 5 ; Behavior scores of children sedated with 0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam during the different phases of treatment.
Fathima Peerbhay and
 Ahmed Mahgoub Elsheikhomer
<bold>Figure 5</bold>
Figure 5

Behavior scores of children sedated with 0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam during the different phases of treatment.

Figure 6 ; Behavior scores of children sedated with 0.5 mg/kg intranasal midazolam during the different phases of treatment.
Fathima Peerbhay and
 Ahmed Mahgoub Elsheikhomer
<bold>Figure 6</bold>
Figure 6

Behavior scores of children sedated with 0.5 mg/kg intranasal midazolam during the different phases of treatment.

Figure 2.; Contralateral Intranasal View During Intubation. View of the nasal endotracheal tube as seen from the contralateral side of the septal perforation.
Takeshi Nakamura,
 Takuya Uchida,
 Yozo Manabe, and
 Yoshihiro Momota
Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Contralateral Intranasal View During Intubation.

View of the nasal endotracheal tube as seen from the contralateral side of the septal perforation.

Figure 2 ; The pulse rate and oxygen saturation of children sedated with 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg intranasal midazolam.
Fathima Peerbhay and
 Ahmed Mahgoub Elsheikhomer
<bold>Figure 2</bold>
Figure 2

The pulse rate and oxygen saturation of children sedated with 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg intranasal midazolam.

Kovanaze Intranasal Spray vs Traditional Injected Anesthetics: a Study of Pulpal Blood Flow Utilizing Laser Doppler Flowmetry
Scott Thayer DDS, MS,
 Janice A. Townsend DDS, MS,
 Mathilde Peters DMD, PhD,
 Qingzhao Yu PhD,
 Mark Odom DDS, and
 Kent A. Sabey DDS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 69: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Apr 04, 2022
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-68-03-10
Page Range: 31 – 38

teeth although restorations, caries, or significant pulp calcifications may interfere with the Doppler effect, decreasing LDF accuracy. 8 Previous studies utilizing LDF have shown a PBF decrease following the use local anesthetics in combination with sympathomimetic agents. 9 – 11 In June 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Kovanaze nasal spray (KNS) for clinical use in dentistry. It contains 3% tetracaine (an ester local anesthetic) and 0.05% oxymetazoline (a topical decongestant and sympathomimetic) and is designed for intranasal