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Leigh disease, a subacute necrotizing encephalomy-elopathy, is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder first described in 1951 by Dennis Leigh. 1 The disease usually afflicts children from 3–24 months of age, the incidence of occurrence is approximately 1 of 32,000 births, and the condition progresses to death a few years after diagnosis. 2–4 Adult-onset and juvenile cases are rare, but these groups benefit from a lower rate of progression. 2 The disease is transmitted by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, possibly maternal, and no genetic basis

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is a rare genetic disease involving mutations of the ANTXR2 gene causing the accumulation of hyaline substance in various tissues and is characterized by multiple subcutaneous nodules or masses, gingival hyperplasia, and joint contracture. Severity of signs and symptoms occur on a spectrum with more severe cases typically occurring at or shortly after birth. 1 – 3 The patient was a 1-year-9-month-old female (height 76.5 cm; weight 7.2 kg) who was previously hospitalized twice with pneumonia. She was scheduled for

resume normal dosage. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. 8 Two major types of diabetes mellitus are known, reflecting differences in the origin and pathophysiology of the disease. Type 1 was formerly known as juvenile-onset diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Type 2 was formerly labeled maturity-onset diabetes or non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This dated

-emptive analgesia: evidence, current status and future directions. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1995 . Suppl 10 : 8 – 13 . 8 Cleary , A. G. , A. V. Ramanan , E. Baildam , A. Birch , J. A. Sills , and J. E. Davidson . Nitrous oxide analgesia during intra-articular injection for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arch Dis Child 2002 . 86 : 416 – 418 . 9 Gerhardt , R. T. , K. M. King , and R. S. Wiegert