Lithium carbonate is a medication used for the treatment of several mental disorders such as mania, bipolar affective disorder, recurrent depression, aggression, and self-mutilating behavior. Like sodium and potassium, lithium is a monovalent cation in the alkali metal group. Lithium is not metabolized, and most is excreted by the kidneys. Lithium has various psychiatric actions, such as inhibition of noradrenergic adenylate cyclase activity and the augmentation of presynaptic noradrenaline reuptake; however, the exact pharmacological effect