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included screening, testing, PPE, and environmental controls. Additionally, Petti 7 stated that TB transmission through droplet nuclei produced via aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry was unlikely because the contamination occurs only during active sputum production and not through saliva or the minimal irrigation involved in ultrasonic scaling. At the time of this meta-analysis in 2016, the author suggested that wearing surgical masks during face-to-face patient medical history taking and N95 respirators during treatment of patients was not needed on a regular

Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation (N 2 O/O 2 ) is commonly employed to improve cooperation for pediatric dental procedures. The clinical efficacy of nitrous oxide is sufficient and predictable in most cases. However, there are children for whom nitrous oxide fails to provide adequate levels of sedation. For example, Burnweit et al found that N 2 O/O 2 effectively facilitated minor surgical procedures for greater than 95% of their pediatric patients, and Soldani et al reported similar results for pediatric patients receiving orthodontic

(version 4.0.0; developed by Martyn Plummer) for Markov chain Monte Carlo modeling. A Bayesian NMA was performed under a hierarchical random effects framework and unified generalized linear model. For continuous outcomes, a normal likelihood and identity link function was used. For binary outcomes, a binomial likelihood with logit link function was used. 24 , 25 The treatment effects were estimated as ORs or mean differences with associated 95% credible intervals (CrIs) and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2

For safe treatment of dental patients, a dental local anesthetic is required that exhibits low cardiac activity and low toxicity. Articaine is a widely used dental local anesthetic agent that differs from the other amide agents because of the presence of a thiophene ring and an ester group. It is hydrolyzed by plasma esterase and is biotransformed by hepatic microsomal enzymes, resulting in a short plasma half-life of approximately 20–30 minutes. 1 However, articaine has a plasma protein–binding capacity of approximately 95%, which is

practice, N 2 O is generally used to reduce the minimum alveolar concentration of a second inhalation agent for anesthesia and increase the rate of induction (ie, the second gas effect 95 ) and to provide or augment the analgesic component of general anesthesia. General anesthetics like N 2 O have long been hypothesized to act in a nonspecific manner on neuronal membranes, alter membrane fluidity, and/or influence ion channels. But more recently, it has been suggested that general anesthetics might act on one or more superfamilies of ligandgated ion channels that

Sevoflurane (scientific report), 175 Ohshita N, Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (case report), 80 Ohshita N, Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (case report), 204 Oka S, see Ohshita N, 80 Oral, and Maxillofacial Surgery (continuing education), 95 Oyamaguchi A, see Boku A, 147 Peerbhay F, Intranasal Midazolam Sedation in a Pediatric Emergency Dental Clinic (scientific report), 122 Redmann AJ, Asystole From Direct Laryngoscopy: A Case Report and

for 7 days or less, were enrolled from June 23, 2021, through February 4, 2022, with follow-up data through May 31, 2022, at 93 sites in the United States. Participants were randomized to receive ivermectin, 400 μg/kg (n = 817), daily for 3 days or placebo (n = 774). The main outcome was time to sustained recovery, defined as at least 3 consecutive days without symptoms. Seven secondary outcomes, including a composite of hospitalization or death by day 28, were also noted. The hazard ratio (HR) for improvement in time to recovery was 1.07 (95% credible

T, see Nitta Y, 155 Fukunaga A, see Sakurai S, 95 Fukushima K, see Hase Y, 103 Hagan JL, see Townsend JA, 11 Hase Y, Repeated Anesthetic Management for a Patient With Klippel-Feil Syndrome (case report), 103 Higuchi H, Hemodynamic Changes by Drug Interaction of Adrenaline With Chlorpromazine (scientific report), 150 Ichinohe T, see Sakurai S, 95 Ishii-Maruhama M, see Higuchi H, 150 Iwamoto S, see Manabe Y , 47 Jones JE, see VanCleave, 21 Kamekura N, see Hase Y, 103