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Office-Based Anesthesia: Safety and Outcomes in Pediatric Dental Patients
Allison L. Spera DMD, MS,
 Mark A. Saxen DDS, PhD,
 Juan F. Yepes DDS, MD, MPH, MS, DrPH,
 James E. Jones DMD, MSD, EdD, PhD, and
 Brian J. Sanders DDS, MS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 64: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2017
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-64-04-05
Page Range: 144 – 152

, “Little if any research has focused on errors or adverse events occurring outside of hospital settings.” 10 Likewise, a 2014 review of the safety and outcomes of OBA noted a relative paucity of outcomes research in dental OBA, and most of the literature that currently exists on complications following anesthesia for dental procedures has focused on adults. 11 , 12 Lee et al 13 studied the morbidity and mortality for children in the United States subsequent to receiving sedation or general anesthesia for dental treatment based on available media reports, but noted

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Figure 2.; Graph of the individual pain rating outcomes.
Lívia de Souza Tolentino,
 André Barbisan Souza,
 Ana Alice Girardi,
 Giuseppe Alexandre Romito, and
 Maurício Guimarães Araújo
Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Graph of the individual pain rating outcomes.

Retrospective Outcomes Evaluation of 100 Parenteral Moderate and Deep Sedations Conducted in a General Practice Dental Residency
Zakaria Messieha DDS,
 Wanda Cruz-Gonzalez DMD, and
 Michel I. Hakim DMD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 55: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2008
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-55.4.116
Page Range: 116 – 120

for this underserved group. 2 General Practice Residency (GPR) training is an excellent venue by which general practitioners can receive education and training in many areas, including sedation. It is important to assess the safety and efficacy of sedation care in this environment as part of the continued effort of those in dentistry to evaluate its safety record. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively and randomly evaluate the morbidity outcomes of 100 sedations conducted in a GPR clinic by second year GPR residents supervised by a dentist

Figure 2 ; (a) A comparison of surgical case duration in National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry–DENTAL and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (SAMBA-SCOR) registries. Surgical duration is defined as the difference between surgical start and stop times, in minutes. (b) A comparison of ambulatory surgery center and office-based venues with regard to induction time, perioperative time, and recovery time. All cases were performed by the dentist anesthesiologists in the SAMBA-SCOR registry.
Mark A. Saxen,
 Richard D. Urman,
 Juan F. Yepes,
 Rodney A. Gabriel, and
 James E. Jones
<bold>Figure 2</bold>
Figure 2

(a) A comparison of surgical case duration in National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry–DENTAL and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (SAMBA-SCOR) registries. Surgical duration is defined as the difference between surgical start and stop times, in minutes. (b) A comparison of ambulatory surgery center and office-based venues with regard to induction time, perioperative time, and recovery time. All cases were performed by the dentist anesthesiologists in the SAMBA-SCOR registry.

Figure 3 ; Age distributions for the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry–DENTAL and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry data sets (also shown in Figures 1a and 1b) and superimposes them on a graph where the y-axes are equalized. The near superimposition of the plots suggests a common source of patients for both registries. This source is most likely the population of children with early childhood caries.
Mark A. Saxen,
 Richard D. Urman,
 Juan F. Yepes,
 Rodney A. Gabriel, and
 James E. Jones
<bold>Figure 3</bold>
Figure 3

Age distributions for the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry–DENTAL and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry data sets (also shown in Figures 1a and 1b) and superimposes them on a graph where the y-axes are equalized. The near superimposition of the plots suggests a common source of patients for both registries. This source is most likely the population of children with early childhood caries.

Figure 4 ; This graph compares the mean age of patients undergoing general anesthesia in this study to the mean age of patients undergoing general anesthesia in oral surgery offices, as reported by Perrott et al.4 Although no significant difference in age is noted between the patients in the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (NACOR)–DENTAL and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (SAMBA-SCOR) data sets in this study, the difference in mean age for oral surgery patients is highly significant for both NACOR-DENTAL and SAMBA-SCOR.
Mark A. Saxen,
 Richard D. Urman,
 Juan F. Yepes,
 Rodney A. Gabriel, and
 James E. Jones
<bold>Figure 4</bold>
Figure 4

This graph compares the mean age of patients undergoing general anesthesia in this study to the mean age of patients undergoing general anesthesia in oral surgery offices, as reported by Perrott et al. 4 Although no significant difference in age is noted between the patients in the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (NACOR)–DENTAL and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (SAMBA-SCOR) data sets in this study, the difference in mean age for oral surgery patients is highly significant for both NACOR-DENTAL and SAMBA-SCOR.

Figure 5 ; A comparison of total anesthesia time in the data sets of this study to total anesthesia time for patients undergoing general anesthesia in oral surgery offices, as reported by Perrott et al.4 Nearly all cases of general anesthesia performed by oral surgeons are less than 30 minutes in length, whereas cases of 1–2 hours' duration or longer comprise a significant proportion of cases seen by the providers in the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry–DENTAL and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry data sets.
Mark A. Saxen,
 Richard D. Urman,
 Juan F. Yepes,
 Rodney A. Gabriel, and
 James E. Jones
<bold>Figure 5</bold>
Figure 5

A comparison of total anesthesia time in the data sets of this study to total anesthesia time for patients undergoing general anesthesia in oral surgery offices, as reported by Perrott et al. 4 Nearly all cases of general anesthesia performed by oral surgeons are less than 30 minutes in length, whereas cases of 1–2 hours' duration or longer comprise a significant proportion of cases seen by the providers in the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry–DENTAL and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry data sets.

Cardiovascular Safety and Hemostatic Efficacy of Topical Epinephrine in Children Receiving Zirconia Crowns
Afsoon Fazeli DDS, MSD,
 Travis M. Nelson DDS, MSD, MPH,
 Mir Sohail Fazeli MD, PhD,
 Yvonne S. Lin PhD, and
 JoAnna Scott PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 68: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Oct 04, 2021
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-68-02-05
Page Range: 133 – 140

serum epinephrine levels and increase the potential for adverse cardiovascular effects. 9 In contrast, although topical epinephrine may be absorbed through mucous membranes and bleeding tissues, it causes local vasoconstriction, which decreases systemic absorption. Administration of topical epinephrine has been shown to result in elevation of serum concentrations 140 times less than injections of even dilute epinephrine preparations. 10 , 11 Complications associated with use of topical epinephrine are extremely rare, and changes in cardiovascular outcomes

; Eighty-five percent of pediatric patients seen by American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists dentist anesthesiologists were ages 6 or younger, 12% were ages 7–12, and 4% were ages 13–18. The mean age of all patients was 4.7 years (SD = 2.9 years).
Allison L. Spera,
 Mark A. Saxen,
 Juan F. Yepes,
 James E. Jones, and
 Brian J. Sanders

Eighty-five percent of pediatric patients seen by American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists dentist anesthesiologists were ages 6 or younger, 12% were ages 7–12, and 4% were ages 13–18. The mean age of all patients was 4.7 years (SD = 2.9 years).

Five Year Outcomes Study of Dental Rehabilitation Conducted Under General Anesthesia for Special Needs Patients
Zakaria Messieha DDS,
 Ranga Chelva Ananda MD,
 Ian Hoffman BSc, and
 William Hoffman PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 54: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2007
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2007)54[170:FYOSOD]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 170 – 174