cancer, including neck dissection and reconstruction with free flap under general anesthesia. Patients with airway malformations, pulmonary diseases, difficulties in neck flexion and/or extension, or previous radiotherapy were excluded from the study.
The anesthetic plan was standardized for all patients and consisted of induction with propofol (1–2 mg/kg), fentanyl (2–4 μg/kg), remifentanil (0.1–0.25 μg/kg/min), atropine (0.01 mg/kg), rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg), and oxygen (6 L/min) with face mask after peripheral intravenous access was obtained. Cuffed, spiral