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Figure 2.; A typical record of respiratory air-pressure waveform obtained from dynamic air-pressure sensor (top) and integral waveform (bottom).
Tohru Takarada,
Michio Kawahara,
Masahiro Irifune,
Chie Endo,
Yoshitaka Shimizu,
Keiko Kobayashi,
Keiko Sakata,
Nobuhito Kikuchi,
Takuya Saida, and
Chiori Onizuka
Figure 2.
Figure 2.

A typical record of respiratory air-pressure waveform obtained from dynamic air-pressure sensor (top) and integral waveform (bottom).

Figure 3.; The relationship between TVexp (the expiratory tidal volume) and ∫Pexp (the time integration values of pressure fluctuations extracted from respiratory movement by dynamic air-pressure sensor) for each subject. A strong correlation between TVexp and ∫Pexp was observed for all subjects.
Tohru Takarada,
Michio Kawahara,
Masahiro Irifune,
Chie Endo,
Yoshitaka Shimizu,
Keiko Kobayashi,
Keiko Sakata,
Nobuhito Kikuchi,
Takuya Saida, and
Chiori Onizuka
Figure 3.
Figure 3.

The relationship between TVexp (the expiratory tidal volume) and ∫Pexp (the time integration values of pressure fluctuations extracted from respiratory movement by dynamic air-pressure sensor) for each subject. A strong correlation between TVexp and ∫Pexp was observed for all subjects.

Figure 3. ; A representative respiratory air-pressure waveform obtained from the dynamic air pressure sensor (top) and the integral waveform (bottom) under thinly clothed (left) and thickly clothed (right) conditions.
Tohru Takarada,
Tetsunosuke Asada,
Yoshihisa Sumi, and
Yoshinori Higuchi
Figure 3. 
Figure 3. 

A representative respiratory air-pressure waveform obtained from the dynamic air pressure sensor (top) and the integral waveform (bottom) under thinly clothed (left) and thickly clothed (right) conditions.

An Alternative Approach to the Monitoring of Respiration by Dynamic Air-Pressure Sensor
Tohru TakaradaDDS, PhD,
Michio KawaharaMD, PhD,
Masahiro IrifuneDDS, PhD,
Chie EndoDDS,
Yoshitaka ShimizuDDS,
Keiko KobayashiDDS,
Keiko SakataDDS,
Nobuhito KikuchiDDS,
Takuya SaidaDDS, and
Chiori OnizukaDDS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 54: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2007
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2007)54[2:AAATTM]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 2 – 6

Conscious sedation is a pharmacologically induced state of relaxation in which the patient remains conscious and cooperative throughout dental treatment. 1 However, monitoring and assessing patient respiratory function during conscious sedation are important because many drugs used for conscious sedation produce respiratory depression and subsequent hypoventilation. At present, the noninvasive methods utilized for continuous quantitative monitoring of breathing patterns include respiratory inductive plethysmography, tidal volume (TV

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Noncontact Monitoring of Respiration by Dynamic Air-Pressure Sensor
Tohru TakaradaDDS, PhD,
Tetsunosuke AsadaDDS, PhD,
Yoshihisa SumiDDS, and
Yoshinori HiguchiDDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 62: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2015
DOI: 10.2344/12-00020.1
Page Range: 100 – 105

Management of patient fear and anxiety during surgical procedures is a primary concern of dental practitioners. Sedation is increasingly being used to improve patient comfort by relieving anxiety, elevating the pain threshold, rendering the patient compliant, and inducing amnesia. 1 However, many drugs used for sedation are central nervous system and respiratory depressants that can result in decreased ventilatory response to CO 2 , attenuated tidal volume, and decreased respiratory rate. 2 – 5 Accordingly, respiratory monitoring during

Respiratory Monitoring for Anesthesia and Sedation
Jay A. AndersonDDS, MD
Article Category: Other
Volume/Issue: Volume 70: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Jan 15, 2024
DOI: 10.2344/862700
Page Range: 198 – 201

evaluation of responses to therapeutic interventions. Ideal monitors should be accurate, continuous, noninvasive, convenient, and not overly expensive. The primary systems monitored are the circulatory, respiratory, renal, central nervous, and neuromuscular systems. Monitoring also includes evaluating the fluid and electrolyte status, blood loss, and depth of anesthesia. Monitoring may be divided into “routine” monitoring for all patients undergoing anesthesia, and specialized monitoring for those more complex cases requiring more intensive evaluation of organ

Respiratory Monitoring: Physiological and Technical Considerations
Daniel E. BeckerDDS and
Andrew B. CasabiancaDMD, MD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 56: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2009
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-56.1.14
Page Range: 14 – 22

nonanesthesiologists. 3 All guidelines for monitoring respiratory function have in common the following protocols: a) Oxygenation must be monitored continuously by pulse oximetry when providing moderate sedation, deep sedation, or general anesthesia. b) Ventilation must be monitored continually (periodically) during moderate sedation and continuously (uninterrupted) during deep sedation and general anesthesia. The conventional approach of most courses in pulmonary physiology is to address 4 categories of events that comprise respiration: ventilation, gas exchange

Intravenous Sedation in Arnold-Chiari Malformation With Respiratory Failure
Yoshiki ShionoyaDDS, PhD,
Eishi NakamuraDDS,
Takahiro GoiDDS,
Kiminari NakamuraDDS, PhD, and
Katsuhisa SunadaDDS, PhD
Article Category: Case Report
Volume/Issue: Volume 66: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2019
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-66-01-06
Page Range: 37 – 41

subarachnoid space. In type III, the cerebellum and medulla oblongata are displaced into the cervical spinal canal, and an occipital meningocele is present. In type IV, the cerebellum is incomplete or underdeveloped. Type II ACM is often complicated by respiratory depression as a result of upper airway obstruction caused by impairment of the lower cranial nerves, 2 sleep-disordered breathing caused by impairment of the medullary respiratory center, 3 , 4 and deglutition disorder and aspiration caused by impairment of the medullary swallowing center. 5 , 6 This

Positional Change Used to Manage Postextubation Respiratory Failure in a Child With Cerebral Palsy
Jun HirokawaDDS, PhD,
Kouichi HidakaDDS,
Mitsuyo KanemaruDH,
Takashi HitosugiDDS, PhD,
Yu OshimaDDS, PhD, and
Takeshi YokoyamaDDS, PhD
Article Category: Case Report
Volume/Issue: Volume 70: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Oct 18, 2023
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-70-02-08
Page Range: 124 – 127

excessive stress on joints and muscles, which may exacerbate muscle tone. We performed dental treatment under general anesthesia for a child with CP with spasticity. The patient progressed uneventfully from induction of general anesthesia to the end of treatment; however, acute thoracoabdominal muscle hypertonia occurred after extubation, which led to respiratory failure. We report a case in which the patient’s signs and symptoms of respiratory failure improved after resedation and a positional change from the supine to the sitting position

Management of Complications During Moderate and Deep Sedation: Respiratory and Cardiovascular Considerations
Daniel E. BeckerDDS and
Daniel A. HaasDDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 54: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2007
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2007)54[59:MOCDMA]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 59 – 69

2 . Figure 2. Devices for oxygenation and ventilation. (Compilation from personal slides and slides modified from the American Heart Association.) Figure 2. Devices for oxygenation and ventilation. (Compilation from personal slides and slides modified from the American Heart Association.) RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS Management of Respiratory Depression In general, the use of sedation has a positive influence on patients undergoing dental