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factors associated with positive behavior during dental treatment. Most of this research has explored how child temperament affects sedation outcome. 8 – 12 Temperament was defined by Rothbart et al 13 as “individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation assumed to have a constitutional basis.” Rothbart et al developed the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and its derivative, the Children's Behavior Questionnaire Short Form (CBQ-SF), which have emerged as the most frequently used mechanisms in contemporary research of evaluating child temperament. 14

, 253 SNRI, 253 Somatosensory evoked potential, 73 Spiral tube, 171 SSRI, 253 St John's Wort, 253 Subcutaneous emphysema, 85 Submental, 153 Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, 244 TCA, 253 Temperament, 17 Tension pneumothorax, 85 Third molars, 8, 80, 127, 136 Tooth extraction, 127 Tricyclic antidepressants, 253 Trismus, 97 Trisomy 9 mosaic, 29 Trisomy 13, 162 Tube-related trouble, 171 Type 2

Identify, Treat, Refer and ApplyLaws and Regulations in Your Practice (continuing education), 178 Nagasaka K, see Nakamura M, 248 Nakajima M, see Ohshita N, 97 Nakamura M, A Case of Laryngeal Granuloma Likely Caused by Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Following a Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy (brief communication), 248 Nelson TM, Temperament as a Predictor of Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation Success (scientific report), 17 Niwa H, see Nakamura M, 248 Nusstein J, see Bonar T, 203 Oda A, A Case With

limitations, (c) parental choice/consent, (d) poor child temperament, (e) anticipated airway obstruction issues, (f) relative retrognathia/tongue position, and (g) history of failed oral sedations. Oral Sedation and GA Protocols Oral sedation utilized combinations of 1 to 3 of the following agents: chloral hydrate, meperidine, hydroxyzine, midazolam, and diazepam. Personnel performing oral sedations were all residents or attendings in an advanced pediatric dental training program (DMD/DDS) who had completed basic life support and pediatric

timing and selection of administered IV analgesics varied amongst anesthesia providers. Finally, differences in individual pain thresholds, temperament, emergence delirium phenomena, separation from parents, LA metabolism, LA administration with Paroject syringe, and other factors not measured may have contributed to findings. A potential criticism of our findings is the short duration of anesthesia from intrapapillary infiltrations (20–60 minutes). Another concern is that some patients did not regain consciousness for some time, which may have affected