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Administration of local anesthesia (LA) for dental procedures is a frequent cause of discomfort, apprehension 1 , 2 and anxiety 1 in patients. Various modalities are practiced to reduce this discomfort, which include warming the cartridge, providing vibration, pressure, or cold at the site of injection, distraction techniques, and lastly application of topical anesthesia, which is commonly practiced in modern dentistry. 3 Topical anesthetics target free nerve endings in the mucosa and block nerve impulse conduction thereby

similar environments, both can quickly resurface. 4 It has been reported that painless and/or less painful needle penetration, particularly at the beginning of an injection, can reduce at least some of the fear and anxiety dental patients experience. 2 , 4 , 5 A more effective topical anesthetic would have the potential for minimizing pain from injections, particularly at the beginning. Kosaraju and Vanderwalle 6 investigated a dental application method for the placement of a refrigerant topical agent. They concluded the refrigerant “was more effective than

Effective intraoral anesthesia without the need for needles would be a major advancement for dentistry. The reality today, however, is that needles are required to achieve reliable local anesthesia. Topical anesthetics are used primarily with the intention of reducing the associated discomfort. The literature shows that there is little pain relief from topical anesthesia, and one reason for failure may be that dentists do not wait long enough to allow them to take effect. 1 , 2 Studies in the past have looked more into the clinical

exploration in the benefits and effectiveness of sonophoresis application in the dental field. Fear of intraoral local anesthetic injection is one of the main reasons people avoid dental treatment. 1 Many investigators, using a variety of different techniques, have explored reducing the pain and discomfort of the dental injection. The majority of research has focused on the application of topical anesthesia. The results are inconsistent with regard to the effectiveness of topically applied anesthetic. Some studies show that there are no significant differences when

Anxiety and fear of the dentist and dental work are prevalent throughout the general population. Surveys have shown that 22–79% of people have at least mild dental anxiety. 1 Fear of the injection is a specifically anxiety-provoking aspect of dental treatment. The direct experience of pain during the injection procedure is a primary contributor to this fear. 1 – 3 Topical anesthetics can reduce the pain felt during needle penetration in the administration of local anesthesia. 4 , 5 Specifically, topical anesthetic helps to relieve

Anchorage control is fundamental to successful orthodontic treatment. Miniscrews, or orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (TADs), have recently emerged as an increasingly more common means of providing the orthodontist with intraoral absolute anchorage. TADs are able to be loaded immediately following placement, can be placed quickly and efficiently, do not require a mucoperiosteal flap for placement or removal, and can be placed by the orthodontist. 1 – 4 Topical anesthesia has been shown to reduce the discomfort of local

thromboxane A2 production and the resulting potential to increase surgical bleeding. 7 , 8 Hemostasis can be achieved by allowing the tissues to clot naturally while applying direct pressure with gauze. However, in clinical settings it is not always possible or desirable to wait extended periods of time for hemostasis. Thus, clinicians have relied upon topical or injected vasoconstrictors to expedite this process. In medicine and dentistry, dilute formulations of injectable epinephrine are commonly used for local hemostasis. However, when injected they may raise

Infiltration anesthesia is commonly performed for pain relief in clinical dentistry. However, the pain caused by this procedure itself is stressful for patients. Although various methods to alleviate pain during the injection of infiltration anesthesia have been compared, including slow injection speed, heating the cartridge, and using a refrigerant at the injection site, none provide consistent pain relief. 1 – 3 Topical anesthesia is often used to reduce the pain of infiltration anesthesia. Commonly used topical anesthetics with an

-implants during orthodontic treatment is strongly influenced by the perception of pain associated with the insertion procedure, frequently a reflection of the needle puncture for the application of infiltrative anesthesia. 1 , 7 The placement of mini-implants in the oral cavity with only the application of topical anesthesia has been suggested in the literature. 1 , 8 , 9 There are advantages involved in this practice, such as greater comfort for the patient, simplicity of the anesthetic technique, reduction in stress and anxiety of the patient before insertion of the

The discomfort caused by the injection of local anesthetic has been reported as one of the main complaints of dental patients. Topical anesthetics are widely used drugs in dentistry, mainly to control pain associated with the needle penetration in administration of local anesthesia. Topical anesthetics also can be used to relieve discomfort caused by lesions in the mucosa, periodontal treatment, restorative treatments, and biopsy. 1 The pharmacologic and the psychological effects on pain control by topical anesthetics have been