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Trachea bronchus arising from the lateral wall of the trachea above the carina has been reported to have an incidence of approximately 0.1 to 3%. 1 – 3 The presence of an anomaly of the central airway might be critical to anesthesiologists. The main clinical implication of endotracheal intubation in a patient with a tracheal bronchus would be hypoxemia and pulmonary atelectasis. 1 – 4 We experienced a patient with tracheal bronchus that was incidentally found at induction of anesthesia. CASE REPORT The patient

Iatrogenic injury secondary to tracheotomy or tracheal intubation is the most common cause of acquired tracheal stenosis in adults, 1 but each has a different etiology. 2 The frequency of tracheal stenosis after tracheotomy or tracheal intubation is 2% to 2.6% 3 , 4 and 10% to 22%, 5 – 9 respectively. Although symptoms are typically not observed in mild tracheal stenosis, 1% to 2% of patients with tracheal stenosis after tracheotomy or tracheal intubation are symptomatic or have severe tracheal stenosis. 10 – 13 Wheezing or stridor

A tracheal bronchus is a congenital abnormality of the tracheobronchial tree in which a displaced or accessory bronchus arises from the trachea superior to the normal bifurcation at the carina. The main clinical implication of a tracheal bronchus arises during endotracheal intubation. 1 An endotracheal tube (ETT) can obstruct or migrate into a tracheal bronchus, causing pulmonary atelectasis and/or hypoxia. 2 – 5 We herein report a case of a tracheal bronchus that was incidentally found after induction of general anesthesia and discuss the

nonchanneled VL that is structurally similar to the classic Macintosh (Mac) blade of a traditional laryngoscope. Here, we report a case of successful tracheal intubation using the AWS and a gum-elastic bougie (GEB) in an adult female patient with a difficult airway (Cormack-Lehane classification grade IV) after failed intubation with a McGrath VL. Written permission to publish the details of this case report was obtained from the patient. CASE PRESENTATION A 54-year-old woman (height 166 cm, weight 44 kg, body mass index 16.0 kg/m 2

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is the most common chromosomal abnormality and is associated with multiple characteristic features and potential findings that warrant added consideration during anesthetic management. Patients with Down syndrome have an increased incidence of congenital cardiac and spinal abnormalities as well as more underappreciated airway anomalies such as subglottic stenosis. This case report presents the discovery of tracheal stenosis in a female patient with Down syndrome undergoing intubated general anesthesia for dental care. CASE

Nasal intubation is often required for dental and oral surgical procedures to facilitate complete surgical access to the oral cavity. Various complications resulting from nasotracheal intubation have been reported. However, the most common complication of nasotracheal intubation remains nasal epistaxis. 1 The incidence of nasal epistaxis is high, ranging from 18 to 77%. 2 The Parker Flex-Tip tracheal tube (PFTT, Parker Medical, Highlands Ranch, Colo) has a soft, flexible, curved tip with double Murphy eyes. Prior et al 3 reported

Arytenoid cartilage dislocation or subluxation is a rare laryngeal injury that is classically classified as either anterior/anteromedial or posterior/posterolateral, or even as a complex injury. The most common cause is iatrogenic damage during tracheal intubation, 1 with an estimated frequency of approximately 0.023% to 0.11% following orotracheal intubation using a laryngoscope, 2 followed by direct trauma to the larynx. Based on the direction of compression forces applied to the arytenoid cartilage, the dislocation or subluxation often