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Figure 6.; Chromatogram of radioactive metabolites derived from 14C-lidocaine in (A) the maxillary tissue and (B) the serum. Two percent 14C-lidocaine with (▪) and without (□) 10 µg/ml adrenaline was injected into the right palatal mucosa proximal to the first molar. Radioactive substances, which were extracted from the maxillary tissue (palatal mucosa and maxillary part) and the serum taken 60 min after the injection, were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The TLC plate was Silicagel 60F254® (Merck, Germany). The area between the lower end of the plate and the solvent front was divided into nine zones. A spot of lidocaine on the plate was confirmed with UV lamp (253.7 nm). Authentic lidocaine was detected in zone No. 4. Lidocaine or the metabolite in each silica gel zone was scratched from the plate and 14C radioactivity in the zone was measured with the liquid scintillation counter. The radioactivity in each zone as a percentage of the total radioactivity on the TLC plate was calculated. (A) More than 70% of the total radioactivity in the tissue existed in the original lidocaine zone (No. 4) in either case. (B) More than 70% of the total radioactivity in the serum existed in the original lidocaine zone in either case. Data are mean ± SD (n  =  4).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.

Chromatogram of radioactive metabolites derived from 14C-lidocaine in (A) the maxillary tissue and (B) the serum.

Two percent 14C-lidocaine with (▪) and without (□) 10 µg/ml adrenaline was injected into the right palatal mucosa proximal to the first molar. Radioactive substances, which were extracted from the maxillary tissue (palatal mucosa and maxillary part) and the serum taken 60 min after the injection, were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The TLC plate was Silicagel 60F254® (Merck, Germany). The area between the lower end of the plate and the solvent front was divided into nine zones. A spot of lidocaine on the plate was confirmed with UV lamp (253.7 nm). Authentic lidocaine was detected in zone No. 4. Lidocaine or the metabolite in each silica gel zone was scratched from the plate and 14C radioactivity in the zone was measured with the liquid scintillation counter. The radioactivity in each zone as a percentage of the total radioactivity on the TLC plate was calculated. (A) More than 70% of the total radioactivity in the tissue existed in the original lidocaine zone (No. 4) in either case. (B) More than 70% of the total radioactivity in the serum existed in the original lidocaine zone in either case.

Data are mean ± SD (n  =  4).

Infection Control in Dental Anesthesiology: A Time for Preliminary Reconsideration of Current Practices
James TomDDS, MS DADBA
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 67: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jul 06, 2020
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-67-02-12
Page Range: 109 – 120

intubated general anesthesia in the operating room setting for SARS-CoV-2–infected patients: Combined deep cleaning with surface disinfectants and ultraviolet light (UV-C) to attenuate residual environmental contamination of the work area and operating room. Placement of ABHR dispensers on IV poles to the left of the provider (if the anesthesia machine is positioned to the right of the anesthesia provider). Double gloving as per the previous SHEA Expert Guidance recommendation

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Figure 5.; Chromatogram of radioactive metabolites derived from 3H-ropivacaine in the (A) liver, (B) serum, and (C) urine. Radioactive substances which were extracted from the liver, serum, and urine at 1 hr (□) or 24 hr (▪) after injection with 0.5% 3H-ropivacaine into the right palatal mucosa proximal to the first molar, were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The TLC plate was Silicagel 60F254® (Merck, Germany). The area from the lower end of the plate to the solvent front was divided into 1 to 9 zones. A spot of ropivacaine on the plate was confirmed with UV lamp (253.7 nm). Authentic ropivacaine was detected in zone No. 5. Ropivacaine or the metabolite in each silica gel zone was scratched from the plate and 3H-radioactivity in the zone was measured with the liquid scintillation counter. The radioactivity in each zone as a percentage of the total radioactivity on the TLC plate was calculated. Amounts of 3H-radioactivity measured in zone No. 5 after 1 hr were 23.0%, and more radioactivity was detected in zones No. 3 and No. 4 in the liver (No. 3 vs No. 5: p<0.01, No. 4 vs No. 5: p<0.01), 67.3% in the serum (No. 5 vs No. 6: p<0.01) and 63.0% in the urine (No. 5 vs No. 6: p<0.01). After 24 hr, more than 80% of the total radioactivity was detected in zones except zone No. 5. Data are mean ± SD (n  =  4).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.

Chromatogram of radioactive metabolites derived from 3H-ropivacaine in the (A) liver, (B) serum, and (C) urine.

Radioactive substances which were extracted from the liver, serum, and urine at 1 hr (□) or 24 hr (▪) after injection with 0.5% 3H-ropivacaine into the right palatal mucosa proximal to the first molar, were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The TLC plate was Silicagel 60F254® (Merck, Germany). The area from the lower end of the plate to the solvent front was divided into 1 to 9 zones. A spot of ropivacaine on the plate was confirmed with UV lamp (253.7 nm). Authentic ropivacaine was detected in zone No. 5. Ropivacaine or the metabolite in each silica gel zone was scratched from the plate and 3H-radioactivity in the zone was measured with the liquid scintillation counter. The radioactivity in each zone as a percentage of the total radioactivity on the TLC plate was calculated.

Amounts of 3H-radioactivity measured in zone No. 5 after 1 hr were 23.0%, and more radioactivity was detected in zones No. 3 and No. 4 in the liver (No. 3 vs No. 5: p<0.01, No. 4 vs No. 5: p<0.01), 67.3% in the serum (No. 5 vs No. 6: p<0.01) and 63.0% in the urine (No. 5 vs No. 6: p<0.01). After 24 hr, more than 80% of the total radioactivity was detected in zones except zone No. 5.

Data are mean ± SD (n  =  4).

JSDA Abstracts
Article Category: Abstract
Volume/Issue: Volume 58: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2011
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-58.3.140
Page Range: 140 – 150

spot of lidocaine on the plate was confirmed with UV lamp (253.7 nm). Authentic lidocaine was detected in zone No. 4. Lidocaine or the metabolite in each silica gel zone was scratched from the plate and 14 C radioactivity in the zone was measured with the liquid scintillation counter. The radioactivity in each zone as a percentage of the total radioactivity on the TLC plate was calculated. (A) More than 70% of the total radioactivity in the tissue existed in the original lidocaine zone (No. 4) in either case. (B) More than 70% of the total radioactivity in the serum

JDSA Abstracts
Article Category: Meeting Report
Volume/Issue: Volume 58: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2011
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-58.2.94
Page Range: 94 – 105

Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo Sunada Katsuhisa a Department of Anesthesiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo Pharmacokinetics of 3 H-Ropivacaine and 14 C-Lidocaine after Maxillary Infiltration Anesthesia in Rats 2010;38(3):262–271. Ropivacaine is a long acting, amide

Aerosol-Generating Procedures and Simulated Cough in Dental Anesthesia
Brian ChanpongDDS, MSc,,
Michelle TangDDS, MSc,,
Alexander RosenczweigDMD,
Patrick LokDDS, and
Raymond TangMD, MSc
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 67: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jun 18, 2020
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-67-03-04
Page Range: 127 – 134

SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study is to examine the potential splatter that can be generated from AGPs and coughing in a dental anesthesia practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, Glo Germ (Glo Germ, Moab, Utah) was used to simulate the splatter produced by dental AGPs and that produced by a simulated cough. Glo Germ is a melamine resin that is 1–5 μm in size and appears blue under UV light. 9 In comparison, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is 0.12–0.16 μm in size but is carried on bioaerosols within 1–5 μm and droplets >5

The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Oral Mucosal Blood Flow and the Absorption of Lidocaine
Shu Tomita,
Shinya Yamazaki,
Kohei Togami,
Hitoshi Tada, and
Hiroyoshi Kawaai
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 65: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2018
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-65-03-02
Page Range: 168 – 176

Adrenoreceptors are mainly divided into 2 types: alpha-1 adrenoreceptor and alpha-2 adrenoreceptor. The alpha-1 adrenoreceptor mediates sympathetic vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, 1 and the alpha-2 adrenoreceptor induces a hypnotic-anesthetic effect in rats via the activation of central alpha-2 adrenoreceptors. 2 Alpha-2 adrenoreceptors are divided into 3 subtypes (alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C). Alpha-2A adrenoreceptors exert inhibitory effects on the central sympathetic outflow while alpha-2B adrenoreceptors induce

Drug Therapy in Dental Practice: General Principles
Daniel E. BeckerDDS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 53: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2006
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006(2006)53[140:DTIDPG]2.0.CO;2
Page Range: 140 – 146

responsible for biotransformation of most drugs belong to a large superfamily designated as cytochrome P-450 (CYP). The most important families of CYPs are CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, based on the number of drugs they metabolize respectively. 1 6 (Note on nomenclature: The term cytochrome is derived from the color of liver cells, dark red, attributed to the iron content of the enzymes, and P450 refers to the UV light wavelength absorbed by the enzymes. The numbers and letters following CYP refer to the families and specific genes responsible for synthesis of the particular enzymes

Comparing the Efficacy of Twin Mix and Lidocaine for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks in Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis
Mamta KaushikMDS,
Neha MehraMDS,
Roshni SharmaMDS,
Kishore MoturiMDS,
Uday Kumar PoduguMDS, and
Alvin GeorgeMDS
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 67: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Dec 31, 2020
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-67-03-11
Page Range: 207 – 213

on percussion. Criteria for inclusion in the study were (a) age 18–50 years, (b) history of pain suggestive of SIP, (c) lingering response to cold test, (d) having 1 adjacent healthy tooth plus a healthy contralateral canine to serve as control, and (e) absence of periapical pathology in diagnostic radiograph. Exclusion criteria were (a) existence of acute infection and/or swelling, (b) systemic disorders, (c) pregnancy, (d) any medication that may alter pain perception like analgesics, sedatives, antianxiety drugs, or antidepressants, (e) contraindications for