Search Results

Ventilation with the upside-down mask technique for the patient with a long and narrow mandible.

Exemplary resuscitation bag manometers. Resuscitation bag manometers provide 3 colored zones indicating pressure being delivered during bag ventilation: (a) 0–20 cm H₂O (green), safe for bag mask ventilation with or without oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airways; (b) 20–40 cm H₂O (yellow), safe for bag ventilation with advanced airway (SGA or endotracheal tube); and (c) >40 cm H₂O (red) unsafe pressure due to potential barotrauma.

Bag-valve-mask with reservoir. Top left: Tubing is connected to an oxygen source with 15 L/min supplied to the device and entering the reservoir bag while the ventilation bag is compressed. When the ventilation bag is released, it expands and oxygen within the reservoir is sucked into the ventilation bag filling it with oxygen for the next compression. In some models the reservoir bag is replaced with tubing that functions similarly. Ventilation bag sizes vary from approximately 250 mL for neonates to approximately 500 mL for children and approximately 1500 mL for adults. Top right: It is recommended that bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitation bags are equipped with manometers that monitor ventilation pressure. Bottom left and right: One- and two-person BVM ventilations illustrate the proper mask seal using the so-called C-E technique. The mask is sealed with the thumb and first finger forming a “C” configuration over the mask, and the remaining fingers (“E”) are placed under the mandible enhancing the seal and pulling the head into a tilted position.

Comparison of classic LMA (left side) versus i-gel (right side). Four beneficial features of i-gel not found in the classic LMA: (a) does not require air inflation to seal over the glottis; (b) tip does not flex forward or backward preventing seal over the glottis; (c) vents gastric pressure if prior bag mask ventilation has pressurized the stomach; and (d) has a bite block to prevent loss of airway if patient bites down during return to consciousness while still needing airway management and ventilation assistance.

i-gel supraglottic airway. (A) i-gel slightly moved down to show correct placement for seal over glottis permitting pressures up to 40 cm H₂O without pressurization of stomach during ventilation. (B) i-gel patient placement with maxillary central incisors at the black line.