medications included alprazolam, aspirin, atorvastatin, cyclobenzaprine, empagliflozin, folic acid, insulin glargine, lisinopril, metformin, pioglitazone, repaglinide, and zolpidem. The patient reported negative personal and family history of adverse reactions to anesthesia and indicated no known drug allergies. He also reported quitting cigarette smoking approximately 3 weeks prior to the surgery date. Physical examination revealed full range of motion of the neck and a Mallampati class II airway. Inspection of the oral cavity and oropharynx was unremarkable. Auscultation