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Figure 1 ; Differences in average infusion rate of propofol by sex. Data are mean ± SD; n = 36 and 89 for male and female, respectively. * P < .01.
Shigeru Maeda,
 Yumiko Tomoyasu,
 Hitoshi Higuchi,
 Yuka Honda,
 Minako Ishii-Maruhama, and
 Takuya Miyawaki
<bold>Figure 1</bold>
Figure 1

Differences in average infusion rate of propofol by sex. Data are mean ± SD; n = 36 and 89 for male and female, respectively. * P < .01.

Figure 2 ; Differences in body weight by sex. Data are mean ± SD; n = 36 and 89 for male and female, respectively. * P < .01.
Shigeru Maeda,
 Yumiko Tomoyasu,
 Hitoshi Higuchi,
 Yuka Honda,
 Minako Ishii-Maruhama, and
 Takuya Miyawaki
<bold>Figure 2</bold>
Figure 2

Differences in body weight by sex. Data are mean ± SD; n = 36 and 89 for male and female, respectively. * P < .01.

Female Patients Require a Higher Propofol Infusion Rate for Sedation
Shigeru Maeda DDS, PhD,
 Yumiko Tomoyasu DDS, PhD,
 Hitoshi Higuchi DDS, PhD,
 Yuka Honda DDS,
 Minako Ishii-Maruhama DDS, PhD, and
 Takuya Miyawaki DDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 63: Issue 2
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2016
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-63.2.67
Page Range: 67 – 70

sedation for minor oral surgery even when BIS is not available. METHODS Study Design/Sample This is a retrospective observational study in which the study population comprised all patients who underwent implant-related surgery under intravenous sedation in the Okayama University Hospital from April 2009 to March 2013. Variables The outcome variable was the average infusion rate of propofol. The potential predictor variables were age, sex, body weight, treatment time, and amount of

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Figure 3; Distribution of Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) scores in both sexes: female patients show higher levels of anxiety, as defined by the DAS.
Enrico Facco,
 Gastone Zanette, and
 Giovanni Manani
Figure 3
Figure 3

Distribution of Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) scores in both sexes: female patients show higher levels of anxiety, as defined by the DAS.

Figure 2. ; Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV; 0–24 h) after intubated general anesthesia using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Arrows illustrate factors with increased PONV risk. Arrow thickness illustrates size of the factor's adjusted odds ratio (OR) per study data. The strongest PONV risk factor was bimaxillary osteotomy (OR 5.69) followed by female sex (OR 2.73) and sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO; OR 2.28). Factors lacking arrows were not significantly associated with PONV.
Emi Ishikawa,
 Rie Iwamoto,
 Takayuki Hojo,
 Takahito Teshirogi,
 Keiji Hashimoto,
 Makiko Shibuya,
 Yukifumi Kimura, and
 Toshiaki Fujisawa
<bold>Figure 2.</bold>
Figure 2.

Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV; 0–24 h) after intubated general anesthesia using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Arrows illustrate factors with increased PONV risk. Arrow thickness illustrates size of the factor's adjusted odds ratio (OR) per study data. The strongest PONV risk factor was bimaxillary osteotomy (OR 5.69) followed by female sex (OR 2.73) and sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO; OR 2.28). Factors lacking arrows were not significantly associated with PONV.

Risk Factors With Intravenous Sedation for Patients With Disabilities
Fumihiro Yoshikawa DDS, PhD,
 Yoh Tamaki DDS, PhD,
 Hisa Okumura DDS, PhD,
 Zenzo Miwa DDS, PhD,
 Masaaki Ishikawa DDS, PhD,
 Kazuhiro Shimoyama DDS, PhD,
 Zenkou Nakamura DDS, DMSc,
 Hitomi Kunimori DDS,
 Shigeharu Jinno DDS, PhD,
 Hikaru Kohase DDS, PhD, and
 Haruhisa Fukayama DDS, PhD
Article Category: Other
Volume/Issue: Volume 60: Issue 4
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2013
DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-60.4.153
Page Range: 153 – 161

of mentally or physically impaired patients using intravenous anesthetics requires careful perioperative management, similar to general anesthesia. Unfortunately, there is little information available on the disabilities and sedation conditions particularly at risk of causing low peripheral oxygenation and delayed recovery. 8 , 9 In this study, we investigated and analyzed the risk factors that may be involved in causing decreased peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) and delayed recovery, including age, sex, treatment duration, type of disability or

Preoperative and Postoperative Hyperalgesia in Dental Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy: A Pilot Study
Peggy Compton RN, PhD,
 Steven Wang DMD, MD, MPH,
 Camron Fakhar MD, DDS,
 Stacey Secreto CCRC,
 Olivia Halabicky Arnold RN, PhD,
 Brian Ford MD, DMD, and
 Elliot V. Hersh DMD, MS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 70: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Mar 28, 2023
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-69-03-03
Page Range: 9 – 16

successful between opioid-using and opioid-naïve participants on sex, age, race, and degree of surgical trauma (calculated trauma score). No adverse events were experienced during either the preoperative or postoperative data collection time periods. Table 1. Participant Characteristics: Similarities in Sex, Race, Age, and Degree of Surgical Trauma Between Opioid-Using and Opioid-Naïve Patients Across all experimental pain measures, women were consistently more sensitive to noxious stimuli

Cross-sectional Study of PONV Risk Factors for Oral Surgery After Intubated General Anesthesia With Total Intravenous Anesthesia
Emi Ishikawa DDS,
 Rie Iwamoto DDS, PhD,
 Takayuki Hojo DDS, PhD,
 Takahito Teshirogi DDS,
 Keiji Hashimoto DDS,
 Makiko Shibuya DDS, PhD,
 Yukifumi Kimura DDS, PhD, and
 Toshiaki Fujisawa DDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 69: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Apr 04, 2022
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-68-03-12
Page Range: 18 – 23

only identified a few patient- and surgery-specific factors as being significant risks for PONV (0–24 hours; Table 2 ). Those factors in descending order, based on the calculated ORs (95% CI), were bimaxillary osteotomy (Le Fort I osteotomy plus sagittal split ramus osteotomy [SSRO]) 5.69 (2.09–15.99), female sex 2.73 (1.60–4.84), and SSRO 2.28 (1.21–4.33). Younger age was also a significant risk factor for PONV based on the unit OR (95% confidence limit [CL]) 1.02 (1.0002–1.0418). Table 2

Temperament as a Predictor of Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation Success
Travis M. Nelson DDS, MSD, MPH,
 Thomas M. Griffith DDS, MSD,
 Katherine J. Lane DDS, MSD,
 Sarat Thikkurissy DDS, and
 JoAnna M. Scott PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 64: Issue 1
Online Publication Date: Jan 01, 2017
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-63-03-01
Page Range: 17 – 21

with reservation, but patient follows the dentist's directions cooperatively), to definitely positive (Frankl +/+; definitely positive, good rapport with the dentist, interest in the dental procedures, laughter and enjoyment). The treating dentists were blinded to the child's CBQ-SF score. Following completion of dental care, demographic (age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologist status, insurance type) and treatment complexity (simple = intracoronal restorations or complex = stainless steel crown, pulp therapy, extraction) variables were abstracted

Risk Factors for Postoperative Sore Throat After Nasotracheal Intubation
Masanori Tsukamoto DDS, PhD,
 Shiori Taura DDS,
 Sayuri Kadowaki DDS, PhD,
 Takashi Hitosugi DDS, PhD,
 Yoichiro Miki PhD, and
 Takeshi Yokoyama DDS, PhD
Article Category: Research Article
Volume/Issue: Volume 69: Issue 3
Online Publication Date: Oct 06, 2022
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-69-01-05
Page Range: 3 – 8

anesthetics were discontinued following tracheal or gastric suctioning. Mechanical ventilation was stopped once the patients regained spontaneous respiratory efforts. After observing spontaneous regular respirations and upper airway patency, patients were smoothly extubated awake. Once respiratory and hemodynamic parameters were stable, patients were transferred back to their rooms. The following variables were recorded: airway device, sex, age, height, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, intubation attempts, duration of intubation

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