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included percentage ratios on the use or consumption of different local anesthetics for dentistry in individual countries or regions ( Figure 3 ). Five of these studies were based on self-reported retrospective surveys of dentists. 8 – 13 Only the data for the United States, quoted by Malamed in 2006 his clinical update, 2 represented market shares provided by a big pharmaceutical producer of local anesthetics (Septodont, Inc, Lancaster, Penn). Figure 3.  Reported usage/market shares of the

analyzed for significance using the Student's t test, and nonparametric data (pain scores, recovery time, lowest saturations recorded in recovery, and postoperative equivalent morphine usage) were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Data on the presence or absence of nausea and/or vomiting was assessed with the Fisher exact test. Analyses were performed on SPSS statistics software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). RESULTS There were 30 patients in the inhalational anesthesia group (28 of these yielded from the 1997–2003 cohort) and 21

separated layers of the tube. 1 Longer exposure might have caused more serious insufflation of nitrous oxide, possibly leading to impairment of respiration. Usage of remifentanil, which does not invade a closed cavity, in place of nitrous oxide would eliminate this problem. It is of critical importance to have a thorough risk management process for medical equipment technology. This research was originally published in the Journal of the Japanese Dental Society of Anesthesiology . 2015;43(2):235–237. REFERENCES 1

, we had predicted that the mouth opening would not exceed an optimal degree; however, the posterior displacement of the mandible may lead to ventilatory difficulty. We planned to perform nasal intubation using a fiber-optic scope if respiratory management using the LMA failed. CONCLUSIONS Although a reinforced LMA is reported to be effective during dental treatment under general anesthesia, 7 its usage is not common in such cases in Japan. Dental anesthesiologists must realize that the use of an LMA for securing the airway during dental

aware of regulations about nitrous oxide sedation usage for pediatric patients in Kuwait, over half (55.2%) were aware of regulations about its usage internationally. When dentists were asked about the main reasons for lack of nitrous oxide use in Kuwait, the majority of respondents answered lack of facilities/equipment and lack of training/knowledge. Moreover, the majority of dentists in this study (73.1%) thought that parents were not aware of nitrous oxide sedation as a BMT for their children. Table 6.  Dentists

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning room is a special environment. The required intense magnetic fields create unique problems with the usage of standard anesthesia machines, syringe pumps, and physiologic monitors (electrocardiogram, pulse oximeter, capnograph, and noninvasive blood pressure). 1 – 3 Moreover, the scanning procedure lasts around 1 hour. In addition, there is high-level acoustic noise in the MRI room. For the best quality of magnetic resonance imaging and diagnosis, complete immobilization of the patient is needed