An earlier paper by Becker and Reed provided an in-depth review of the pharmacology of local anesthetics. This continuing education article will discuss the importance to the safe and effective delivery of these drugs, including needle gauge, traditional and alternative injection techniques, and methods to make injections more comfortable to patients.
Posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve block.
Middle superior alveolar (MSA) nerve block.
Anterior superior alveolar (ASA) nerve block.
Greater palatine (GP) nerve block.
Nasopalatine (NP) nerve block.
Inferior alveolar (IA) nerve block.
The “poke me” line.
Second division (V2) nerve block.
Gow-Gates (GG) nerve block.
Vazirani-Akinosi nerve block.
Intraosseous (X-Tip) anesthesia.
Contributor Notes
eISSN: 1878-7177
ISSN: 0003-3006