Relationship between outer diameter of uncuffed tracheal tubes and age

OD : outer diameter

Relationship between outer diameter of uncuffed tracheal tubes and body weight

OD : outer diameter

Medical emergencies classified by age and gender (n = 87)

There were more female than male cases. Their ages ranged between 16 and 93 years old.

Treatment contents (n = 87)

Most of the treatment contents were conservative dentistry and prosthodontics.

Situations when medical emergencies occurred (n = 87)

More than 70% of medical emergencies occurred before and during dental treatment.

Measurements of nasotracheal tube

A : length between proximal edge of cuff and tube tip, B : length between flexion point and proximal edge of cuff.

Comparison of cuff of nasotracheal tubes (cuff inflated to 20 cm H₂O cuff pressure)

C : cuff length (a) Rusch AGT nasal preformed cuffed endotracheal tube, (b) Parker Flex-Tip^®PFNC, (c) Portex^® Polar™ preformed tracheal tube, (d) Mallinckrodt^® RAE™ preformed tracheal tube, nasal cuffed..

The infusion rate of remifentanil and response curve from the probit analysis. The EIR₅₀ and EIR₉₅ were 0.08 and 0.29 μg/kg/min, respectively.

Brain images of (A) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (B) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Marked atrophy and diminished cerebral blood flow are seen in the left frontal and temporal lobes. (B) Arrows show diminished blood flow.

BIS monitor electrode Electrical potential difference between electrodes 1 and 3, and between 1 and 4, are reflected in the BIS Index. Electrode 2 is a reference electrode.

Changes in mean blood pressure Mean blood pressure remained significantly elevated on B, C, D, E and Min BP in the DP group. A: preoperative examination, B: on entry to operating room, C: pre-induction, D post-induction, E: after local anesthesia, F: leaving operating room, G: discharge

Changes in heart rate Heart rate remained significantly elevated on B, C, D, E, Max HR and Min HR in the DP group. A: preoperative examination, B: on entry to operating room, C: pre-induction, D: post-induction, E: after local anesthesia, F: leaving operating room, G: discharge

Changes in SpO₂ The DP group was significantly higher than the nonDP group on entry to OR, but there was no significant difference in Min SpO₂ on leaving OR.

Changes in tenseness, fear and anxiety score 59 of 64 patients in the DP group showed diminished tenseness, fear and anxiety score during treatment 333 of 340 patients in the nonDP group showed no change in score 0 during treatment.