Medical emergencies classified by age and gender (n = 36)

The numbers of female and male cases were almost equal.

The highest proportion of incidents was among females in their fifties.

Time when medical emergencies occurred (n = 36)

The time when incidents occurred most frequently was around 2 pm.

Situations when medical emergencies occurred (n = 36)

The medical emergencies frequently occurred during dental procedures; one third of them occurred immediately after injection of local anesthesia.

Initial treatment before dental anesthesiologist arrived (n = 36)

Initial treatment before a dental anesthesiologist arrived included taking the vital signs (6 cases) and dosing of a prescription medicine (1 case).

Diagnosis of complications (n = 36)

Most of the medical emergency cases were hyperventilation syndrome. The second-most common was blood pressure elevation.

Dentists and non-dental staff who called dental anesthesiologists (n = 36)

In a quarter of the medical emergencies, non-dental staff called dental anesthesiologists. In other cases, our data showed that younger dentists called dental anesthesiologists more frequently than older dentists.

Scheduled outpatient general anesthesia: 427 cases

A : The elevated carbon dioxide level (about 5 mmHg) in the inspiratory phase indicates carbon dioxide rebreathing. B : With a new patient's circuit anesthetic machine the carbon dioxide level in the inspiratory phase reduces to the zero level.

The in-canister pathway of anesthetic gas : The expiratory gas is led through the inner partition tube to the bottom of the container.

Wrong pathway of anesthetic gas bypassing sodalime in the canister.

The outer shell of the canister and the dismounted inner partition chained to the bottom of the shell.

Before loading sodalime, the partition is mounted properly inside the outer shell.

The inner partition is mounted upside down into the outer shell of the canister. The canister can be connected to the anesthetic machine without any gas leakage during positive pressure ventilation.

The face of the patient The partially detached metal plate was improperly exposed. Contraction of the reconstructed tissue had caused stenosis of the oral orifice.

The appearance of the patient's mouth

The sagittal view of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx of the patient

The tongue and soft tissue extruding both upward and dorsally make the upper airway narrower.

The white arrows indicate bulging tissues.